HL Topic 14 Interwar Years : CS 2 - Mussolini and Italy (1918-1939) Flashcards
Emergence of Mussolini (1918-1922)
Long Term:
Agricultural Disparities and Social Inequality
Regionalism
Industrialisation and Labour Unrest
National Identity
World War One
Weakness of Liberalism and Government
Territorial Issues
Short Term:
Socioeconomic Post-War Strain
Emergence of Right-Wing Political Movements
Leftists Movememts and Biennio Rosso
1919 Elections
Immediate:
Fascist violence and increased support
Emergence - Long Term Factors
Agricultural Disparities and Social Inequality
Regionalism
Industrialisation and Labour Unrest
National Identity
World War One
Weakness of Liberalism and Government
Territorial Issues
Emergence - Short Term Factors
Socioeconomic Post-War Strain
Emergence of Right-Wing Political Movements
Leftists Movememts and Biennio Rosso
1919 Elections
Emergence - Immediate Factors
Fascist violence and support
Fascist repression of Socialist Strikes
Increased Presence in Parliament
Mussolini becomes leader of the PNF
March on Rome 1922
Mussolini is appointed Prime Minister by the King
Emergency Powers for a year
Consolidation of Mussolini’s Power (1922-1928)
Legal Methods
Use of Force
Propaganda
Opposition
Legal Methods
Formation of the Fascist Grand Council (dominate policymaking)
Chigi Palace Pact
Acerbo Law (2/3 of parliment if party won 25% of votes)
1924 Elections (PNF Majority)
Legge Fascitissime (Made Mussolini Head of government, Il Duce)
Fascist Podestà as regional leaders in provinces
Use of Force
Intimidation in Parliament
National Security Guards 1923
Ceka and Amerigo Dumini 1923
Mateotti Crisis 1924
OVRA (Organization for Vigilance and Repression of Anti-Fascism) 1927
Propaganda, Charisma and Censorship
Compulsory religious education
Press Censorship
Support of the elites, Church and former PMs
Corfu Incident: Bolstered popularity
Opposition
Aventine Seccession
Communist Resistence
Parliamentary Reactions and Resistence (Party bans. Acerbo law, Mateotti crisis)
Abyssinia and SCW: produced opposition and disent
Maintenance of Mussolini’s Power and Policies (1928-1939)
Mussolini’s pre-war domestic policies
Nature of the Fascist State
Extent of resistance
Mussolini’s pre-war domestic policies
Economic:
Corporatism
Economic Battles (Grain, Land, Births)
Protectionism
Political:
One-Party State 1926
The Lateran Treaties 1926
Media Control
Secret Police OVRA and Surveillance
Social:
Youth Fascist Organizations GIL
Propaganda
Laws against abortion, divorce and same-sex relations
Social Welfare
Racial Laws / Charter of race 1937
Nature of the Fascist State
Totalitarian Ambitions
One-Party State
Fascism, All encompassing ideology, Indoctrination
Militarization
Imperial Ambitions
Cult of Leadership
Extent of Resistance
Limited scope of resistance
Political parties (Banned) went underground
Intellectual and cultural
Every day non-compliance
