HL unit 1 Flashcards
(33 cards)
what are reasons for conflict in the workplace
- give some examples
- lack of job security
- salary and benefits
- working hours
- poor communication
- inequity (treated differently)
- personality clash
- leadership style
- expectations (eg. overtime)
- values
- resistance to change
- organisational change
what is industrial action?
actions to put pressure on the other side of a disagreement to solve a conflict
what is collective bargaining (unions)
employees negotiate with the employer together, usually chosen by the employee representative
Define Work-to-rule
Only do work which is outlined in their contract and refuse to do any additional work.
E.g. stop work at exactly 5pm (overtime ban) no work during lunch break
Define Strike action
Stop working for a period of time and refuse to work
What is Collective bargaining with EEs
It saves the business time and makes EEs feel listened to
What is threats of redundancies
The threat to make workers or employees redundant if they don’t agree to terms
What are changes of contract
Increased working hours or job requirements when renewing contracts
What are Lockouts
Temporarily close the factory so workers do not get paid
What is Closure
Completely closing the factory leading to redundancies
What are approaches to conflict Resolution:
How can an EE/ER conflict be solved?
- Achieve a closer working relationship between EE and ER. Give EEs more and say in the running of the business. E.g. employee on the board of directors, Employee share ownership, Democratic Leadership style.
- Increased motivation of EE should hopefully reduce the likelihood of conflicts
- No-strike agreement
Union members agree to not do a strike. Usually in Return for an argument - e.g. pay will increase in line with inflation. Reduces EEs power in the future, but will hopefully increase the image of the Union, leading to more members - Single-union Agreement
Er only negotiates with one Union, rather than multiple unions. Different unions may have different objectives, so only negotiating with one may increase the likelihood of an agreement. - Conciliation and arbitration
The use of 3rd party to help resolve a dispute.
-Conciliation = use of 3rd party to encourage EE and ER communication and reach a compromise
-Arbitration = use of 3rd party to listen to both sides and then make a binding decision.
What are 4 EE Methods of Industrial Action
Strike
Work to rule
Over time ban
Collective rule
What are 4 ER Methods of Industrial Action
Collective bargaining
Threat of redundancies
lockout
Closure of factory
what are 3 Methods to resolve conflict
No strike agreement
conciliation
arbitration
What skills are needed to be an effective conciliator/ arbitrator
They are well spoken and confident so they can help opposing parties settle disputes outside of court (inside work place).
Define Culture
The shared values, attitudes and beliefs of the people in a group of people or in a society
Define Organisational culture
The shared values, attitudes and beliefs of the people in a group or in a business.
Influences the way employees interact and make decisions.
The way we do things around here or “What is normal”.
What is the Iceberg model
Visible/Observable
- Dress code
- Organizational structure - hierarchy
- Mission statement
- What people call each other
Non-visual
- Staying late
- Salary expectations
- Teamwork
- Jokes
What might influence organisational culture?
What type of business is it
- Mission and visible statements
- NGO vs investment bank
Organisational structure
- Vertical vs horizontal
Location
- Country, city etc
Management
- Centralised or decentralised
- Autocratic or democratic
Other
- Personalities, age of firm etc
What is Culture clash
Conflict between two or more cultures within an organisation.
Often happens when businesses go through change.
What is Charles Handy’s “Gods of Management” Model
- Argues different organizations need different cultures to succeed
In the Gods of Management Model, what is Power culture (Zeus):
More centralised/Less formal
Dominant person or group in control
Autocratic leadership
Centralized decision making
E.g. private car park, management rooms
In the Gods of Management Model, what is Role culture (Apollo)
More centralized/More formal
Employees have well-defined roles and responsibilities
Clear on titles and roles
Tall, hierarchical and bureaucratic
Tradition and lack of creativity
E.g Military
In the Gods of Management Model, what is Task culture (Athena)
Less centralized/More formal
Teams are formed and empowered to solve problems
Focus on teamwork and getting things done
Authority is given to groups and creativity is encouraged
