HLE Exam 3

Question 1

What picks up excess cholesterol in the bloodstream and bring it back to the liver for excretion from the body?

Answer 1

High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL)

Question 2

One of the building blocks of proteins; 20 common ________ are found in foods.

Answer 2

Amino Acid

Question 3

Dietary components the body must get from foods or supplements because it cannot manufacture them to meet its needs.

Answer 3

Essential Nutrients

Question 4

An essential nutrient, required for energy for cells; sugars, starches, and dietary fiber.

Answer 4

Carbohydrates

Question 5

An important nutrient required by the body in relatively large amounts.

Answer 5

Macronutrient

Question 6

A simple sugar that is the body’s basic fuel.

Answer 6

Glucose

Question 7

A measure of energy content in food; 1 ________ represents the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 liter of water 1˚C; commonly referred to as a calorie

Answer 7

Kilocalorie

Question 8

An essential nutrient that forms important parts of the body’s main structures (muscles and bones) as well as blood, enzymes, hormones, and cell membranes; also provides energy.

Answer 8

Protein

Question 9

What is blood fat that transports cholesterol to organs and tissues: excess amounts result in the accumulation of deposits in artery walls, causing hardening of the arteries and potentially cardiovascular disease?

Answer 9

Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL)

Answer 10

Cholesterol

Question 11

The ratio of a food’s essential nutrients to its calories.

Answer 11

Nutrient Density

Question 12

AKA lipids, are the most concentrated source of energy.

Answer 12

Fats

Question 13

Types of Carbohydrates

Answer 13

Simple: monosaccharides and disaccharides
Complex: starches and most type of dietary fiber

Question 14

Naturally Occurring Plant Substances

Answer 14

Sugars naturally found in fruit and milk
Whole grains

Question 15

The synthetic form of folate

Answer 15

Folic Acid

Answer 16

Dirty Dozen Fruit

Question 17

The ability of the body to perform prolonged, large-muscle, dynamic exercise at moderate to high levels of intensity.

Answer 17

Cardiorespiratory Endurance

Question 18

The joints’ ability to move through their full range of motion.

Answer 18

Flexibility

Question 19

Physical abilities that contribute to performance in a sport or activity, including speed, power, agility, balance, coordination, and reaction time.

Answer 19

Skill-Related Fitness

Question 20

Physical capabilities that contribute to health, including cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, and body composition.

Answer 20

Health-Related Fitness

Question 21

A subset of planned, structured, repetitive body movement to improve or maintain physical fitness.

Answer 21

Exercise

Question 22

The force a muscle can produce with a single maximum effort.

Answer 22

Muscular Strength

Question 23

The nonfat components of the human body, consisting of skeletal muscle, bone, and water.

Answer 23

Fat-Free Mass

Question 24

The proportion of fat and fat-free mass (muscle, bone, and water) in the body.

Answer 24

Body Composition

Question 25

Any body movement carried out by skeletal muscles requiring energy.

Answer 25

Physical Activity

Question 26

Health Benefits of Physical Activity

Answer 26

- Improved cardiorespiratory functioning - More efficient metabolism and improved cell health - Improved body composition - Disease prevention and management - Improved psychological and emotional wellness - Improved immune function - Prevention of injuries and low-back pain - Improved wellness for life

Answer 27

Cardiorespiratory Fitness

Question 28

Physical inactivity

Answer 28

Sedentary

Question 29

FITT-VP

Answer 29

Frequency Intensity Time Type Volume Progression

Question 30

A calculated measure of human body shape; the ratio of mass (in kilograms) divided by height (in meters) squared: weight/height^2.

Answer 30

Body Mass Index

Question 31

Connective tissue in which fat is stored.

Answer 31

Adipose Tissue

Question 32

The percentage of total body weight that is composed of fat.

Answer 32

Percent Body Fat

Question 33

Fat located under the skin.

Answer 33

Subcutaneous Fat

Question 34

A condition consisting of three interrelated disorders: abnormal eating patterns (and excessive exercising) followed by lack of menstrual periods (amenorrhea) and decreased bone density (premature osteoporosis).

Answer 34

Female Athlete Triad

Question 35

Fat located around major organs; also called intra-abdominal fat.

Answer 35

Visceral Fat

Question 36

Severe overweight, characterized by an excessive accumulation of body fat; may also be defined in terms of some measure of total body weight.

Answer 36

Obesity

Question 37

A disease that disrupts normal metabolism, interfering with cells' ability to take in glucose for energy production.

Answer 37

Diabetes Mellitus

Question 38

Body weight above the recommended range for good health.

Answer 38

Overweight

Question 39

Fat incorporated in various tissues of the body; critical for normal body functioning.

Answer 39

Essential Fat

Question 40

An eating disorder characterized by a refusal to maintain body weight at a minimally healthy level and an intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat; self-starvation.

Answer 40

Anorexia Nervosa

Question 41

An eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating and purging - overeating and then using compensatory behaviors such as vomiting, laxatives, and excessive exercise to prevent weight gain.

Answer 41

Bulimia Nervosa

Question 42

An eating disorder characterized by episodes of binge eating and a lack of control over eating behavior in general.

Answer 42

Binge-Eating Disorder

Question 43

Amount of Healthy Weight Loss Per Week

Answer 43

0.5 - 2 pounds per week

Question 44

The mental representation of a person holds about their body at any given time, consisting of perceptions, images, thoughts, attitudes, and emotions about the body.

Answer 44

Body Image

Question 45

Eating Disorder Treatment

Answer 45

Psychotherapy and medical management

Question 46

The contraction phase of the heart.

Answer 46

Systole

Question 47

A vessel that carries blood away from the heart.

Answer 47

Artery

Question 48

The part of the circulatory system controlled by the right side of the heart: the circulation of blood between the heart and the lungs

Answer 48

Pulmonary Circulation

Question 49

Sustained abnormally high blood pressure.

Answer 49

Hypertension

Question 50

A vessel that carries blood to the heart.

Answer 50

Vein

Question 51

The part of the circulatory system controlled by the left side of the heart: the circulation of blood between the heart and the rest of the body.

Answer 51

Systemic Circulation

Question 52

A deposit on the inner wall of blood vessels; blood can coagulate around ________ and form a clot.

Answer 52

Plaque

Question 53

The relaxation phase of the heart.

Answer 53

Diastole

Question 54

Cardiovascular disease caused by the deposit of fatty substances (called plaque) in the walls of the arteries.

Answer 54

Atherosclerosis

Question 55

A type of blood fat that can be a predictor of heart disease.

Answer 55

Triglyceride

Question 56

An inherited condition in which there is an enlargement of the heart muscle, especially the muscle between the two ventricles.

Answer 56

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Question 57

A sac or outpouching formed by a distention or dilation of the artery wall.

Answer 57

Aneurysm

Question 58

A small stroke usually a temporary interruption of blood supply to the brain, causing numbness or difficulty with speech.

Answer 58

Transient Ischemic Attack

Question 59

Chest pain due to coronary heart disease.

Answer 59

Angina Pectoris

Question 60

A condition resulting from the heart's inability to pump enough blood to keep up with the body's metabolic needs; blood backs up in the veins leading to the heart, causing an accumulation of fluid in various parts of the body.

Answer 60

Congestive Heart Failure

Question 61

A blood clot that forms in a blood vessel that has already been damaged by plaque buildup; the clot may lead to stroke.

Answer 61

Thrombus

Question 62

Cardiovascular disease caused by hardening of the arteries that supply oxygen to the heart muscle.

Answer 62

Coronary Heart Disease

Question 63

A blood clot that breaks off from its place of origin in a blood vessel and travels through the bloodstream.

Answer 63

Embolus

Question 64

A condition in which the mitral valve billows out during ventricular contraction, allowing leakage of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium.

Answer 64

Mitral Valve Prolapse

Question 65

Damage to, or death of, heart muscle, resulting from a failure of the coronary arteries to deliver enough blood to the heart; also known as myocardial infarction (MI).

Answer 65

Heart Attack

Question 66

Heart Attack Symptoms

Answer 66

- Chest pain or pressure - Arm, neck, or jaw pain - Difficulty breathing - Excessive sweating - Nausea and vomiting - Loss of consciousness

Question 67

Racial Group With The Highest Prevalence of CVD

Answer 67

African American

Question 68

Heart Healthy Diet

Answer 68

- Decreasing saturated and trans fat intake - Eat high-fiber diet - Reducing sodium intake - Avoiding excessive alcohol consumption - Eat foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids

Question 69

Common Death Amongst People With Diabetes

Question 70

The abnormal, uncontrolled multiplication of cells.

Answer 70

Cancer

Question 71

A tumor that is not cancerous.

Answer 71

Benign Tumor

Question 72

A small, usually harmless mass of tissue that projects from the inner surface of the colon or rectum.

Answer 72

Polyp

Question 73

The spread of cancer cells from one part of the body to another

Answer 73

Metastasis

Question 74

A scraping of cells from the cervix for examination under a microscope to detect cancer.

Answer 74

Pap Test

Question 75

A period during the course of cancer in which there are no symptoms or other evidence of disease.

Answer 75

Remission

Question 76

Light rays of a specific wavelength emitted by the sun; most ________ rays are blocked by the ozone layer in the upper atmosphere.

Answer 76

Ultraviolet Radiation

Question 76

Cancer arising from bone, cartilage, or striated muscle.

Answer 76

Sarcoma

Question 77

Any of a group of yellow-to-red plant pigments that can be converted to a vitamin A by the liver; many act as antioxidants or have other anticancer effects. The ____________ include beta-carotene, lutein, lycopene, and zeaxanthin.

Answer 77

Carotenoid

Question 78

The removal of a small piece of body tissue to allow for microscopic examination; a needle ________ uses a needle to remove a small sample to tissue, but some ________ require surgery.

Answer 78

Biopsy

Question 79

Cancer that originates in epithelial tissue (skin, glands, and lining of internal organs.)

Answer 79

Carcinoma

Question 80

A naturally occurring substance found in plant foods that may help prevent and treat chronic diseases like cancer and heart disease; phyto means "plant"

Answer 80

Phytochemical

Question 81

Accounts for about 12% of all new cancer diagnoses and is the most common cause of cancer death in the United States.

Answer 81

Lung Cancer