HOA 4 (Spanish Colonial Architecture)

Question 1

On November 19 or 20, 1564 a Spanish expedition of a mere 500 men led by Miguel López de Legazpi departed Barra de Navidad, New Spain, arriving off Cebu on February 13, 1565, conquering it despite Cebuano opposition.

Question 2

Five Instruments of Urbanism

Answer 2

▪ Reducción
▪ Encomienda system
▪ System of cities andtowns
▪ Cuadricula
▪ Colonial infrastructures

Question 3

Forced urbanization and resettlement.

Answer 3

Reducción

Question 4

The formerly scattered barangays were brought together and reduced in number and made into larger communities to facilitate religious conversion and cultural change.

Answer 4

Reduccion

Question 5

What do you call under the sound of the bells?

Answer 5

De Bajo de las campanas

Question 6

The colony was divided into parcels assigned to a Spanish colonist (encomendero) who wasmandated to “allocate, allot or distribute” the resources of the domain.

Answer 6

Encomienda

Question 7

The institution ofa hierarchal settlement system

Answer 7

System of Cities and Towns

Question 8

________ (city) or ________ (town), core of the
municipality. _________, adjacent barangays.

Answer 8

Cabecera, poblacion, Barrios

Question 9

■ Patterned after the walled fortresses of Europe
■ Reserved for the nobility and the clergy.

Answer 9

Intramuros

Question 10

Living beyond the walls

Answer 10

Extramuros

Question 11

It is called villages outside the walls.

Answer 11

Pueblos

Question 12

It is called a separate urban quarter designated to the Chinese community .

Answer 12

Parian

Question 13

It Is called Japanese community.

Answer 13

Dilao

Question 14

A system of streets and blocks laid out in a grid pattern, with uniform precision.

Answer 14

Cuadricula

Question 15

What are the characteristics in The Laws of the Indies, 1573?

Answer 15

▪ elevated location
▪ an orderly grid of streets
▪ a central plaza, a defensive wall, and zones for churches, shops, government buildings, hospitals, and slaughterhouses.

Question 16

Who proposed the Encapsulates the classicist theories of urban design?

Answer 16

Vitruvius and Alberti

Question 17

Grid pattern of streets with the main plaza at the center surrounded by the
church, the tribunal, other government buildings, and the marketplace.

Answer 17

Plaza Complex

Question 18

New building typologies and construction technology was introduced

Answer 18

Colonial Infrastructures

Question 19

It is Edifices for religious conversion.

Answer 19

Churches

Question 20

Parts of Church

Answer 20

▪ Altar mayor, main altar.
▪ Sagrario, tabernacle.
▪ Pulpito, pulpit.
▪ Retablo, elaborately ornamented altar screen.
▪ Sacristia, where the priest and his assistants put on their robes before the mass.
▪ Coro, choir loft.
▪ Tribunas, screened gallery.

Question 21

It is called parish house or rectory

Answer 21

Convento

Question 22

Also called as bell towers

Answer 22

Campanarios

Question 23

Where can San Agustin Church be found?

Answer 23

Intramuros, Manila

Question 24

San Agustin Church

Answer 24

■ The Church of the Immaculate Conception of San Agustín.
■ First church to be built in Luzon.
■ Only structure in Intramuros to survive WWII.
■ High Baroque style retablo.
■ Ceiling paintings in the trompel’oeil style.
■ Chinese fu dogs at the entrance.

Question 25

Where can Paoay Church be found?

Answer 25

Paoay, Ilocos Norte

Question 26

Paoay Church

Answer 26

■ Saint Augustine Church. ■ Most outstanding example in the Philippines of 'Earthquake Baroque'. ■ Volutes of contrafuertes (buttresses) and in the pyramidal finials of wall facades. ■ Massive coral stone bell tower.

Question 27

Miag-ao Church

Answer 27

■ Sto. Tomas de Villanueva Church ■ Stands on the highest point of Miag-ao, its towers serving as lookouts against Muslim raids. ■ It is the finest surviving example of 'Fortress Baroque'. ■ The facade epitomizes the Filipino transfiguration of western decorative elements.

Question 28

Where can Miag-ao Church be found?

Answer 28

Miag-ao, Iloilo.

Question 29

Where can Santa Maria Church be found?

Answer 29

Santa Maria, Ilocos Sur

Question 30

Santa Maria Church

Answer 30

■ Church of Nuestra Señora dela Asunción. ■ Situated on a hill surrounded by a defensive wall. ■ Separate pagoda-like bell tower at the midpoint of the nave wall. ■ The brick walls are devoid of ornament but have delicately carved side entrances and strong buttresses

Question 31

It is called as (RA 10066)

Answer 31

National Heritage Law

Question 32

It is called as (RA 10086)

Answer 32

National Historical Commission of the Philippines Law

Question 33

Characterized by heavy stone walls, moats, and grid road layouts. Bastions, keeps, and watchtowers were also built to cover blind spots.

Answer 33

Fortresses

Question 34

Where can Fort Santiago be found?

Answer 34

Intramuros, Manila

Question 35

Parts of Fort

Answer 35

▪ Cortinas, thick perimeter walls. ▪ Bastiones or baluartes,four-sided bulwarks skirting the cortinas on both ends. ▪ Fozo or Foso, moat. ▪ Casamatas, stone embrasures where artilleries were propped up. ▪ Calabozo ▪ Herreria ▪ Amacenes ▪ Alojaminetos ▪ Garitas

Question 36

Monumental civic architecture epitomized the colonial institutions under the Spanish governance.

Answer 36

Institutional Buildings

Question 37

■ Also known as Casa del Ayuntamiento, Casa del Cabildo, Casa Consistorial, or Casa Real. ■ As a seat of colonial governance, it housed several administrative offices and archives.

Answer 37

Ayuntamiento

Question 38

■ Also known as Palaciodel Gobernador General. ■ Residence of the highest official of the land. ■ Malacañang Palace, the summer residence of the Governor General.

Answer 38

Palacio Real

Question 39

Other Civic Buildings

Answer 39

▪ Real Audiencia ▪ Aduana ▪ Hacienda Publica ▪ Municipio ▪ Casa Hacienda,

Question 40

Also called as Tribunal, trial court.

Answer 40

Real Audiencia

Question 41

It is a Customs house

Answer 41

Aduana

Question 42

It is a treasury

Answer 42

Hacienda Publica

Question 43

It is also called as Casa de Municipal, or Casa Real, a smaller version of the Ayuntamiento in the provincial towns.

Answer 43

Municipio

Question 44

It is a expansive structures housing spaces for the administrators and his workers on a landed estate.

Answer 44

Casa Hacienda

Question 45

The various religious orders fulfilled the missionary tasks of bringing education, healthcare, and social welfare to the indigenous subjects.

Answer 45

Educational and Scientific Buildings

Question 46

Oldest established university in Asia

Answer 46

University of Sto. Tomas, Manila

Question 47

It is first hospital; built by the Franciscans; catered only to the Spaniards.

Answer 47

Hospital Real

Question 48

It is a hospital for the Chinese in Binondo.

Answer 48

Hospital de San Gabriel

Question 49

It is a hospital for the lepers.

Answer 49

Hospital de San Lazaro

Question 50

established by the Jesuits to assist in forecasting typhoons.

Answer 50

Manila Observatory

Question 51

Other term of Observatories

Answer 51

Observatorio Astronomico y Meteorologico de Manila

Question 52

Because of the Hispanic urban program, living standards were elevated through urban infrastructure and public works.

Answer 52

Industrial Buildings

Question 53

(Bridge of Spain), built after the destruction of Puente Grande (first and only bridge crossing the Pasig River) in the 1863 earthquake.

Answer 53

Puente de España

Question 54

It is served as the main terminal for all northbound destinations.

Answer 54

Tutuban Station of the Manila, Dagupan railway line;

Question 55

It is the oldest lighthouse in the Philippines; also known as the San Nicolas lighthouse.

Answer 55

The Pasig Farola

Question 56

It is installed the piped-in water system. The water was offered to the public free of charge

Answer 56

The Carriedo Waterworks

Question 57

Spain attempted to establish an Asian trading empire to be based in Manila. Soon the city became one of the major colonial port cities in Southeast Asia

Answer 57

Commercial Buildings

Question 58

It is a shop that very first large commercial structure; silk market in Binondo; housed stores for Chinese merchants and government offices.

Answer 58

Alcaiceria de San Fernando

Question 59

It is a shop for , tobacco and cigar factories; Cigarreras, female workers.

Answer 59

Tabacaleras

Question 60

other shops

Answer 60

Sari-sari store and carinderias

Question 61

foremost hotels in Intramuros.

Answer 61

Hotel la Palma de Mallorca, Hotel de Paris, and Hotel de Espana,

Question 62

boarding houses; less expensive lodgings

Answer 62

Casas de huespedes

Question 63

It is the first bank built; initially housed in the Aduana.

Answer 63

Banco Español-Filipino de Isabel II

Question 64

Dwellings reflecting the differences in social class.

Answer 64

Domestic Structures

Question 65

Apartment dwellings

Answer 65

Accesorias

Question 66

Evolved from the need of migrant laborers for cheap housing in commercial and industrial areas.

Answer 66

Accesorias (Apartment dwellings)

Question 67

each unit; has a zaguan, sala and sleeping quarters.

Answer 67

Vivienda

Question 68

A housing prototype which combined elements of the indigenous and Hispanic building traditions to prevent the dangers posed by fire, earthquakes and cyclones

Answer 68

Bahay na bato

Question 69

A new hybrid-type of construction, coined by JesuitFrancisco Ignacio Alcina, which refers to structures built partly of wood and partly of stone.

Answer 69

Arquitectura Mestiza

Question 70

Characteristics of a Bahay na bato

Answer 70

▪ two storeys ▪ The ground floor-cut stone or brick, the upper-wood. ▪ Windows: ground floor, grillworks; second floor, sliding shutters with capiz shells or glass panels. ▪ hip roof with a 45-degree-angle pitch.

Question 71

Parts of Bahay na Bato in Ground Floor

Answer 71

■ Cochera (driveway or garage) ■ Zaguan (vestibule or storage; usually for the caroza) ■ Entresuelo (mezzanine area, for offices or servants’ quarters) ■ Cuadra (horse stables) ■ Cocina (kitchen) Escalera (wooden staircase)

Question 72

Parts of Bahay na Bato in Second Floor

Answer 72

■ Caida or ante-sala (interior overhanging veranda) ■ Sala (living room) ■ Baño (bathroom) ■ Latrina (toilet) ■ Cocina (kitchen) ■ Comedor (dining area) ■ Azotea (outdoor terrace, located beside a balon or over an aljibe (water cistern). ■ Cuarto( bedroom)

Question 73

Other Parts of Bahay na Bato in Second Floor

Answer 73

■ Galeria volada or corredor (flying wooden gallery) ■ Oratorio (praying area) ■ Callado ( wooden fretwork on top of partitions) ■ Pasamano (window sill) ■ Ventanillas (vents beneath the window sill which reach to the floor) ■ Barandillas (wooden balusters)