Holderness Coastline

Question 1

Where is the Holderness Coast located?

Answer 1

On the east coast of England

Question 2

How long does the Holderness Coast extend?

Answer 2

61km from Flamborough in the north to Spurn Point in the south

Question 3

What is the average annual erosion rate of the Holderness Coast?

Answer 3

Around 2 metres

Question 4

How much material is eroded from the Holderness Coast each year?

Answer 4

Around 2 million tonnes

Question 5

How much land has been lost from the Holderness Coast since Roman times?

Answer 5

Approximately 3 miles (5kms)

Question 6

How many towns/villages have been lost due to erosion on the Holderness Coast?

Answer 6

23 towns/villages

Question 7

What type of bedrock underlies the Holderness Coast?

Answer 7

Cretaceous Chalk

Question 8

What covers the bedrock of the Holderness Coast in most places?

Answer 8

Glacial till deposited over 18,000 years ago

Question 9

What type of material is primarily being eroded on the Holderness Coast?

Answer 9

Soft boulder clay

Question 10

What are the two main reasons for the rapid erosion of the Holderness Coast?

Answer 10

1. Strong prevailing winds creating destructive waves
2. Cliffs made of soft boulder clay that erodes rapidly when saturated

Question 11

True or False: The Holderness Coast is one of Europe’s fastest eroding coastlines.

Answer 11

True

Question 12

Fill in the blank: The Holderness Coast has lost approximately _______ miles of land since Roman times.

Answer 12

3

Question 13

What is Flamborough Head?

Answer 13

A headland that juts out into the North Sea formed from chalk.

Question 14

What type of rock primarily composes Flamborough Head?

Answer 14

Chalk.

Question 15

What are some coastal landforms formed in Selwicks Bay?

Answer 15

• Steep cliffs
• Wave-cut notches
• Wave-cut platform
• Stack known as Stack Adam
• Coastal arches

Question 16

What is the rate of erosion at Hornsea?

Answer 16

Up to 3m of erosion per year

The cliffs are formed from weak boulder clay

Question 17

What does the management at Hornsea protect?

Answer 17

Tourist features such as arcades and hotels, and creates a sandy beach

Question 18

What is one of the strategies used for coastal management at Hornsea?

Answer 18

Sea Wall

Question 19

What is the cost of the wooden groynes at Hornsea?

Answer 19

£5.2 million

Question 20

What is a downside of the groynes at Hornsea?

Answer 20

They prevent material reaching popular seaside towns to the South

Question 21

How does tourism in Hornsea negatively impact locals?

Answer 21

It leads to congestion in the summer

Question 22

What is a criticism of the sea wall at Hornsea?

Answer 22

It is an unattractive feature

Question 23

What was the annual damage amount before management was implemented at Mappleton?

Answer 23

£2.9 million

Question 24

What benefits did the management at Mappleton produce?

Answer 24

A sandy beach, protection for the town

Question 25

What strategy was employed at Mappleton?

Answer 25

A rock groin and rock Armour

Question 26

What was the cost of the rock armour at Mappleton?

Answer 26

£2 million

Question 27

What is a negative effect of the management at Mappleton on the surrounding area?

Answer 27

The rate of erosion has increased significantly south of Mappleton

Question 28

What is significant about Easington in terms of gas supply?

Answer 28

2.25% of all UK gas comes through the gas terminal at Easington

Question 29

What management strategy was used at Easington?

Answer 29

Rock Armour

Question 30

What is the cost of the rock armour at Easington?

Answer 30

£4.5 million

Question 31

What does the management scheme at Easington protect?

Answer 31

The gas terminal

Question 32

What is a downside of the protection scheme at Easington?

Answer 32

It does not protect the village

Question 33

What environmental impact does the management at Easington have?

Answer 33

It prevents material reaching Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) further South such as sand dunes

Question 34

What can defending the coast make worse?

Answer 34

Issues further down the coast e.g. speed up erosion ## Footnote Some say it may harm the SSSI Spurn Point.

Question 35

What is a major concern regarding the cost of coastal defences?

Answer 35

Building and maintaining the defences is expensive and not feasible for some places along the coast.

Question 36

What does Spurn Point provide evidence of?

Answer 36

Longshore drift on the Holderness Coast

Question 37

What type of landform is Spurn Point an example of?

Answer 37

A spit, a depositional landform

Question 38

What percentage of the material eroded from the Holderness Coast is deposited at Spurn Point annually?

Answer 38

Around 3%

Question 39

What event in December 2013 affected Spurn Point?

Answer 39

It was breached by a storm surge

Question 40

What was destroyed during the December 2013 storm surge at Spurn Point?

Answer 40

A significant area of sand dune and the road linking Spurn Point to the mainland

Question 41

What type of ecosystem has formed on the inside of Spurn Point?

Answer 41

A salt marsh

Question 42

Why has a salt marsh formed on the inside of Spurn Point?

Answer 42

The area is sheltered and has a low energy environment

Question 43

What contributes to sediment deposition in the salt marsh at Spurn Point?

Answer 43

The Humber Estuary