Holds, IAPs, DP

Question 1

MSA

Answer 1

Emergency altitudes which guarantee 1000’ clearance from highest obstacle in given sector usually out to 25nm.
Does not guarantee navigational or communication reception

Question 2

What is the maximum speed of a procedure turn

Answer 2

200 IAS

Question 3

What are the maximum holding speeds

Answer 3

0 - 6000 = 200IAS
6001 - 14,000 = 230IAS
14,001 - + = 265IAS

Over Airforce field = 310IAS
Over Navy field = 230IAS

Question 4

What is the standards for a hold

Answer 4

• Right turns are standard
• 14,000 MSL and below: 1 minute legs (total of 4)
• 14,001 MSL and above: 1.5 minute legs (total of 6)
• Timing for outbound leg begins over/abeam the fix, whichever occurs later.
• If unable to determine, timing starts when wings level.
• The outbound leg should be dictated in order to achieve the standard inbound leg.
• These dimensions and spacing are established to establish protected airspace.

Question 5

Smallest bank angle out of these three options

Answer 5

1. 3°/sec
2. 30° bank (if 3°/sec results in a bank angle larger than 30°)
3. 25° bank if using a Flight Director for navigation (and if 3°/sec results in a bank angle larger than 25°)

Question 6

When are holds issued?

Answer 6

Whenever a delay is expected.
The clearance to hold must include:
1. Full hold instructions (unless depicted)
2. An EFC and
3. Estimate of additional delay

Question 7

What instructions must holds include?

Answer 7

1. Side of hold in cardinal direction
2. Hold fix
3. The radial, course, airway, or route on which to hold
4. Length of legs
5. Direction of turns if non-standard
6. EFC time

Question 8

Wind correction angle

Answer 8

1. Calculate wind correction angle inbound
2. Triple it for the outbound leg

Wind correction is not made during the turns, hence the large correction during the outbound leg

Question 9

Five T’s when arriving at a holding fix

Answer 9

Turn - desired entry
Time - note when arriving over fix
Twist - OBS for inbound course
Throttle - adjust for holding speed
Talk - advise ATC of time and altitude when reached the holding fix
“<ATC> <call> over ABC 8,000' at 1320 zulu"
*6th T can be "Think ahead"</call></ATC>

Question 10

Standard entries for holds

Answer 10

Suggested entries to create the simplest entry with least amount of turns and shallowest turning angles
1. Direct
2. Parallel
3. Teardrop

Question 11

How to calculate entry based on heading

Answer 11

1. Determine outbound heading
2. Standard or non-standard hold?
   If standard
   - 3. Add 110 to the outbound heading = this will result in the headings for a parallel entry
   - 4. The last heading + 180 = the headings for direct
   - 5. The last heading to the outbound heading = the headings for a teardrop entry
   If non-standard
   - 3. Add 70 to the outbound heading = the headings for the teardrop entry
   - 4. Add 180 to the last heading = the headings for direct entry
   - 5. The last heading to the outbound heading = the parallel entry headings

Question 12

Which entry do you chose when you are in between the lines of two different entrys?

Answer 12

There is a hierarchy of choice
1. Direct
2. Teardrop
3. Parallel

Question 13

What should you do if you execute the missed approach before the DA or MAP?

Answer 13

Continue on course at or above the DA/MDA and do not make any turns until reaching the MAP

Question 14

Aircraft categories for approach plates are based on what speed?

Answer 14

Approach REF speed or
1.3x Vso in landing config at max landing weight

Question 15

What are the aircraft category speeds?

Answer 15

Cat A - 90kts or less
Cat B - 91kts to 120kts
Cat C - 121kts to 140
Cat D - 141kts to 165kts
Cat E - 166kts or more

Question 16

What does the RVR represent on a IAP?

Answer 16

The horizontal distance a pilot should see when looking down the runway from a moving aircraft

Question 17

RVR values

Answer 17

1,600 = 1/4
2,400 = 1/2
3,200 = 5/8
4,000 = 3/4
4,500 = 7/8
5,000 = 1
6,000 = 1 1/4

Question 18

Standard procedure turn / hold in lieu safety distance

Answer 18

10 nm outbound

Question 19

What is the maximum acceptable descent rate on an IAP?

Answer 19

1000 FPM

Question 20

What does LPV mean?

Answer 20

Localizer performance with vertical guidance
which includes approaches that can be flown using WAAS GPS
Aircraft that can fly these must have a statement in the AFM stating that it is capable of flying LPV approaches and is WAAS equipped

Question 21

ODP procedures allow obstacle clearance without turns for

Answer 21

400 feet above the DER assuming the standard 200FPNM climb starting at 35 feet above the DER
- If non-standard FPNM is required, it will be stated and is required to meet

Question 22

Why must you execute the missed on a GPS approach when the approach mode disappears within 2nm of the FAWP?

Answer 22

Because when the approach mode switches to active, the sensitivity of the RAIM becomes tighter, going from +/-1nm to +/-0.3nm. The system is designed to “ramp down” in lateral guidance as you approach the runway.

Question 23

What do the minimum numbers on an IAP in parenthesis indicate?

Answer 23

They tell you what reported weather allows a fully qualified and proficient pilot a realistic chance of successfully completing the approach and landing.

They are NOT meant for military pilot use only. This note just reminds us that as civil pilots, we are not PREVENTED from attempting the approach by the weather minimums stated in the parenthesis, military pilots might be, depending on what regulations they are operating under. Civil pilots are just not bound by these numbers, but that does not mean they do not depict valuable information from the approach designer to the pilot.