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Genocides Studies 12 > HOLOCAUST TEST REVIEW > Flashcards

HOLOCAUST TEST REVIEW Flashcards

1
Q

Jews

A

Ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Hebrews of historical Israel and Judah

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2
Q

Anti-Semitism

A

Prejudice or discrimination against Jews as individuals or as a group. They are based off stereotypes and myths

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3
Q

Relationship between Jews and the Roman Empire

A

In 70CE, the Romans destroyed the Jewish temple and captured Jews to make them as slaves of the Roman Empire

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4
Q

Treatment of Jews in biblical times (2):

A

Blamed for death of Jesus

- Christians believed Jews must suffer

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5
Q

Secular

A

Denoting attitudes or activities that have no religious basis

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6
Q

Nazi identity (9):

A
  • Glorifies/demands devotion to the state
  • Imperialistic
  • Highly nationalistic
  • In favour of censorship
  • Aryan state
  • Anti-communist
  • Anti-Semitic
  • Swastika
  • Anti-LGBTQ
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7
Q

6 basic ideas of Mein Kamph:

A
  • Treaty of Versailles was a criminal act
  • Leaders of the Weimar Republic were traitors
  • Most of Germany’s problems were created by Jews
  • Russian communism is bad
  • German people needed more space (Lebensraum)
  • Aryan state of Germans
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8
Q

SS

A

Military group set up as personal bodyguards for Hitler, run by Heimrich Himmler. Main role was to serve as the Nazi Party’s own private police force. They were very loyal to Hitler so they listened to him when they were given orders to murder SA officers in the Night of the Long Knives

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9
Q

SS significance

A

Responsible for genocide and committed several war crimes and crimes against humanity. They helped Hitler carry out the ‘Final Solution’

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10
Q

Gestapo

A

Hitler’s secret police force. They arrested people who acted or spoke against Nazi ideas. They used methods like phone tapping, spying, etc to monitor the population

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11
Q

Gestapo significance

A

Investigated espionage, and criminal acts. Responsible for deportations and round ups of Jews. They were important because they could act outside the laws to gain control through fear.

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12
Q

First concentration camp (men and women)

A

Dachau 1933, and Morigen for women

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13
Q

Who controlled concentration camps

A

SS

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14
Q

Concentration camps significance

A

Boosted German economy during war and gave Hitler more control of society

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15
Q

1938

A

SS started using camp inmates as slave labour for businesses

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16
Q

The Law Courts

A

Hitler took control of the judiciary by setting up the NATIONAL SOCIALIST LEAGUE FOR THE MAINTENANCE OF THE LAW

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17
Q

The Law of Courts significance

A

Enabled the Nazi’s to monitor the decisions of judges to ensure they followed Nazi Party priorities. It strengthened their control of society by punishing people for their political views

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18
Q

Censorship

A

Used to restrict and ban information

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19
Q

Minister of propaganda

A

Joseph Goebbels

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20
Q

Leader of Luftwaffe, founder of Gestapo

A

Herman Gorring

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21
Q

Controlled the SS

A

Himmler Heinrich

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22
Q

Controlled the Gestapo

A

Himmler Heinrich

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23
Q

Controlled SA before assassination

A

Ernest Rohm

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24
Q

Deputy Fuhrer

A

Rudolph Hess

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25
Q

Controlled SD. Einsatzgruppen

A

Reinhard Heydrich

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26
Q

Hitler’s private secretory

A

Martin Bormann

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27
Q

Major holocaust perpetrator

A

Adolf Eichmann

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28
Q

Nuremburg Law

A

Anti-Semitic laws implemented by the Nazi Party to segregate the Jewish population from the Aryan society

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29
Q

Examples of some Nuremburg Laws (10:

A
  • Fired from civil service jobs, hospitals, universities
  • Not permitted to be lawyers, teachers, or judges
  • Jewish children not permitted to attend school
  • Must wear yellow star and loose citizenship in Germany
  • No driver’s license
  • No radios
  • No gold and silver
  • Curfew of 8pm-6am
  • Can’t marry Christians
  • Homes and businesses were confiscated
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30
Q

Boycott of Jewish businesses. Joseph Goebbels delivers speech to crowd urging Germans to boycott Jewish businesses

A

April 1, 1933

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31
Q

Implementation of Nuremburg Laws

A

September 15, 1935

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32
Q

Anschluss (Austria). Political union of Austria with Germany because Hitler wanted all German speaking nations in Europe to be a part of Germany

A

March 12, 1938

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33
Q

Evian conference. Conference to address the problem of German and Austrian Jewish refugees who are wishing to flee persecution by Nazi Germany

A

July 6 – 15, 1938

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34
Q

Night of broken glass (November pogrom). Was carried out by the SS and Nazi’s in Germany touched synagogues and vandalized Jewish homes, schools, and businesses as well as killing 100 Jews. 30,000 Jews were also arrested and sent to concentration camps

A

November 9/10, 1938

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35
Q

What weakness of the Weimar Republic made it possible for the Nazi Party to rise to power

A

Government and German Jews blamed for the loss of WWI

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36
Q

What characteristics of the Nazi Party appealed to voters

A

They were promised to be lift out of the depression, as well as increasing employment and security. They also used lots of technology and propaganda to appeal to people

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37
Q

How did Hitler come to power without being elected

A

Was asked to become a chancellor by President Hindenburg. However, Hindenburg died, and Hitler declared himself as president and chancellor so there were no one above or below him in rank. He also liked to blame everything on the Communists

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38
Q

How were Jews symbolized during emigration

A

Jewish passport stamps with a J

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39
Q

Segregating Jews into ghettos is what stage of genocide

A

Persecution

40
Q

Officer who collaborated with the Nazis in the murder

A

Herman Gorring, founder of gestapo

41
Q

How many Jews were exterminated by mobile killing squads in Latvia, Lithuania and Ukraine

A

At least 2 million

42
Q

Which 5 camps received most deportations

A

Auschwitz, Belzec, Soblbor, Chelmno, Treblinka

43
Q

Purpose of ghettos (3):

A

To contain Jews in 1 area of the city

  • To obtain ownership of businesses and houses of Jews to give to Aryan citizens
  • To decrease Jewish populations by starvation and disease
44
Q

How many Jews were forced into Warsaw ghetto

A

40,000

45
Q

What did Jews have to do to seal themselves into the ghetto (5):

A

Smuggled food from outside the ghetto

  • created theatre/musical groups to put on secret performances
  • organised schools
  • created charity groups
  • organised church services
46
Q

True or false. No windows or doors were permitted to face the outside of the ghetto

A

True

47
Q

Judenrat

A

Special Jewish councils with some power in the ghetto who answered to the SS and could make life or death decisions

48
Q

What happened if someone died on the street and what did this mean for sanitation

A

Dead bodies left in street for collection, bodies were buried in mass graves because no room in the cemetery and the sanitation is too poor because too many people living in such a small area

49
Q

Warsaw ghetto uprising

A

Armed Jews attacking German soldiers. It lasted about a month before the Nazis were able to organise and overrun the group, or killing or transporting them into death camps

50
Q

Operation Reinhard

A

Between 250,000 to 300,000 Jews from the Warsaw ghetto were sent to their deaths at Treblinka

51
Q

Einsatzgruppen

A

Paramilitary death sqauds in Nazi Germany responsible for mass murder by shooting during WW2

52
Q

Pogrom

A

Russian word meaning to destroy, to wreak, to demolish violently

53
Q

Dr Mengele

A

“Angel of death”. He was in charge of performing medical experiments of unspeakable horror during holocaust. His victims were put into pressure chambers, tested with drugs, castrated, and frozen to death. Children were also exposed to experimental surgeries and performed without anesthesia. He even performed sex change operations, removal or organ/limbs and attempted to change their eye colors

54
Q

First concentration camp

A

Dachau 1933

55
Q

Living conditions of concentration camps

A

Forced labour, overcrowding, poor sanitary conditions, starvations, cruel treatment

56
Q

Auschwitz-Birkenau

A

Made up of 3 main camps (Auschwitz 1, Auschwitz 2 (Birkenau), Auschwitz 3 (Monowitz-Buna). It was combined with a concentration camp for forced labor and an extermination camp

57
Q

Auschwitz 1

A

Featured a sign that said “work will set you free”

58
Q

Zylon B

A

New killing method using poison gas

59
Q

Arrival at a concentration camp

A

Starts with a selection. Men, women, children removed from trains and had valuables taken away. Nazi physician would quickly assess each persons health and then sent to either camps or gas chamber

60
Q

People at disadvantage for camps

A

Disabled, pregnant women, babies, young children, elderly

61
Q

Selected for death

A

Those who were selected for death were led to gas chambers where the doors would be shut and bolted. Afterwards, the prisoners were forced to remove hair, gold teeth/fillings and corpses were thrown in the crematoria

62
Q

Selected for work

A

Clothes and belongings taken away. Showered and heads shaved and striped uniform with tattooed identification #

63
Q

Life expectancy for forced labourers

A

6 months due to starvations, disease, and physical work

64
Q

Badge system for prisoners

A

Classified by colored triangles on uniform so that Nazi officials could know if they were Jewish, Roma, homosexuals, political prisoners, etc

65
Q

Liberation

A

Auschwitz was liberated by Soviet troops JANUARY 27 1945

66
Q

Adolf Eichmann

A

The executioner

67
Q

Joseph Goebbels

A

Minister of propaganda

68
Q

Herman Gorring

A

Leader of lustwaffe

69
Q

Rudolph Hess

A

Deputy Fuhrer and the person who Mein Kamph was dictated to by Hitler

70
Q

Reinhard Heydrich

A

Controlled the SD (security and intelligence of SS)

71
Q

Heinrich Himmler

A

Controlled SS and Gestapo

72
Q

Ernest Rohm

A

Controlled the SA before assassination

73
Q

Martin Bormann

A

Hitlers private secretary

74
Q

When were concentration camps first built my Nazis

A

March 1933

75
Q

Who commanded Auschwitz

A

Rudolf Hess

76
Q

Kapos

A

Prisoner who were given privileges in return for supervising prisoner work gangs. They blurred the lines between collaborator, perpetrator, and victim

77
Q

Commandos

A

Basic unit of organization of slave laborers in German concentration camps

78
Q

Blockalteste

A

German Jew. Concentration camp inmate appointed to be leader of a barrack. Highest position a prisoner could reach

79
Q

Why are we unsure of the exact number murdered at Auschwitz

A

Most evidence were destroyed or gone so there are no single document which lists all victims involved in the persecution. However, there are conclusive evidence.

80
Q

Conclusive evidence of death toll

A

Variety of letters, train schedules, photographs, bills, speeches, statistical summaries, and testimonies from eyewitnesses from commandos, perpetrators, townspeople, SS guards, etc.

81
Q

How many Gypsies/roma were murdered at Auschwitz

A

At least 19,000 of the 23,000 Roma who were sent to Auschwitz died at the camp. However, estimates outside the camp, or at different camps reach even as high at 1.5 million

82
Q

Wansee conference

A

Meeting of senior government officials of Nazi Germany and SS leaders to discuss details of the “Final Solution” of Jewish question

83
Q

When was Wannsee conference

A

January 20, 1942

84
Q

Where is Wannsee located

A

Outside Berlin

85
Q

Wannsee protocol

A

Additional instruction/clarification of deportation and extermination process

86
Q

Who led Wannsee conference

A

Eichmann and Heydrich

87
Q

Wannsee conference 10 STAGES OF GENOCIDE

A

Preparation

88
Q

What was decided at Wannsee

A

NETWORK OF EXTERMINATION CAMPS TO BE ESTABLISHED. Jews to be deployed under appropriate supervision at a suitable form of labor. They will be separated by gender, able bodied Jews brought to regions to build roads and a large number will be lost through natural reduction

89
Q

What was Zyclon and Cyclon used for before humans

A

It was a cyanide-based pesticide that intereferes with cellular respiration. Used to delouse clothing and fumigating ships and warehouses

90
Q

Treblinka

A

Extermination camp built and operated by Nazis in Poland

91
Q

4 crimes addressed at Nuremburg:

A
  • Crimes against peace; planning or initiating wars of aggression in violation to treaties
  • Crimes against humanity; extermination, deportation, genocide
  • War crimes; Violation of crimes that were in place before WWII
  • Conspiracy to commit above crimes
92
Q

Significance of Nuremburg

A

Used simultaneous interpretation to instantly translate one language to another

93
Q

War Crime

A

During times of conflict, examples include willful killing, torture, willfully causing injury, extensive seizure/destruction of property, unlawful deportations and hostage

94
Q

Crimes against humanity

A

Both in times of war and peace, examples include murder/extermination, enslavement, torture, rape, etc

95
Q

Difference between war crime and crimes against humanity

A

– War crimes only committed during an armed conflict. Crimes against humanity committed against civilians and may be done as part of a widespread or systematic attack upon a population

96
Q

How many Jews Killed

A

6 million?

Genocides Studies 12 (4 decks)

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