Homeostasis Flashcards
(24 cards)
What is the neuron?
Neuron: functional unit of the nervous system and passes signals between parts of the nervous system
What are the three kinds of neurons?
Inter, Sensory and Motor Neurons
Neuron structure ( cell body )
Cell body: contains nucleus and most organelles and is responsible for synthesizing carbs/lipids/proteins for neuron needs
What is an electrical impulse?
Electrical impulse: travels down the axon towards another neutron (ONE WAY SIGNAL)
What is a myelin sheath (neuron insulator)?
hint: lipid
Myelin sheath: lipid wrapping around the cell that allows electrical impulses to travel faster
What are glial cells?
Glial cells: non-conducting cells responsible for structural support and the metabolism of neurons
What is Afferent? Efferent?
Afferent: bring toward
Efferent: bring outward
Where are the interneurons/association neurons located? What are some of their functions?
- Located in the brain and spinal cord
- Integrate and intercept sensory stimuli
- Connect afferent/efferent neurons
What are the categories of the nervous system?
Nervous system
- Central nervous system
- Peripheral nervous system
- Somatic (voluntary, controls the muscles)
- Autonomic (involuntary, controls heart and digestive tract)
- Sympathetic: prepares the body for action (fight or flight) - Parasympathetic: prepares the body for relaxation (conservation of energy)
What is the Reflex Arc?
hint: reflex action responding to a stimulus
Reflex Arc: simple connection of neurons resulting in a reflex action in response to a stimulus
What are the four lobes of the brain?
Frontal, Temporal, Parietal and Occipital lobe
What does the frontal lobe do?
Frontal lobe: motor areas control the movement of voluntary responses (walking)
What does the temporal, parietal, and occipital lobe do?
Temporal lobe: sensory areas are associated with vision and hearing
Parietal lobe: sensory areas are associated with touch and temperature awareness
Occipital lobe: sensory areas are associated with vision
How are association areas linked with each lobe?
Frontal lobe: association areas are linked to intellectual activities and personality
Temporal lobe: association areas are linked to memory and interpreting sensory information
Parietal lobe: association areas are linked to emotions and interpreting speech
Occipital lobe: association areas interpret visual information
When is the action potential created?
Action Potential - created when an electrical impulse is conducted, resulting in a temporary change in potential
When is the resting potential created?
Resting potential - created by actively pumping Na+ and K+ across the membrane
When is the threshold potential reached?
Threshold potential - reached via stimulus or from another neuron passing an electrical impulse
What are the 2 types of cell communication?
Chemical and Electrical
When does the stimulus cause an impulse?
A stimulus causes an impulse IF the threshold potential is met (“all or none”)
What is the conduction of an electrical signal?
hint: depolarization, action potential and repolarazation
- Depolarization: K+ gates open resulting in K+ flooding into the cell
- Action potential reaches the peak, Na+ channels close and K+ channels open (K+ flows out)
- Repolarization: K+ gates close, allowing cell time to stabilize back to resting potential actively pumping Na+ and K+
What does hyperpolarization help with?
Hyperpolarization helps with directionality
What is a synapse?
Synapse: area where two nervous system cells communicate
What are the three types o synapse?
neuron-neuron, neuron-effector, sensor-neuron
What is the conduction of chemical synapse (signal)
hint: release of calcium, vesicles carrying, neurotransmitters travel
- Release of calcium inside the cell allows triggering of fusing protein
- Vesicles carrying neurotransmitters fuse with synaptic membrane, releasing the neurotransmitters into the synapse
- Neurotransmitters travel across the cleft to bind to receptors
