Homeostasis Flashcards
(152 cards)
1
Q
What is the definition of homeostasis
A
controlling the internal environment of the body at stable levels
2
Q
What word is this the definition of: controlling the internal environment of the body at stable levels
A
homeostasis
3
Q
What is negative feedback
A
a response to a stimulus that reduces the stimulus
4
Q
what word is this the definition of: a response to a stimulus that reduces the stimulus
A
negative feedback
5
Q
what are the two systems
A
Nervous system and Endocrine system
6
Q
Is thermoregulation a nervous or chemical reaction?
A
nervous
7
Q
is shivering a nervous or chemical reaction?
A
nervous
8
Q
is diabetes a nervous or chemical reaction?
A
chemical
9
Q
Is glucose a nervous or chemical reaction?
A
chemical
10
Q
Is water a nervous or chemical reaction?
A
chemical
11
Q
Which is not an example of homeostasis: heart rate, hydration, photosynthesis and blood flow
A
photosynthesis
12
Q
What pathway is used when we respond to something in our environment?
A
nervous pathway
13
Q
What is the stimulus for an eye?
A
light
14
Q
What is the receptor for light
A
eye
15
Q
what is the stimulus for ears
A
sound
16
Q
what is the receptor for sound
A
ear
17
Q
what is the stimulus for skin
A
pressure
18
Q
what is the receptor for pressure
A
skin
19
Q
what is the stimulus for the tongue
A
taste
20
Q
what is the receptor for taste
A
tongue
21
Q
what is the stimulus for the nose
A
smell
22
Q
what is the receptor for smell
A
nose
23
Q
What detects the stimulus
A
receptor
24
Q
what is the next part used after a stimulus and receptor
A
sensory neurone
25
where does the sensory neurone enter
spinal nerve
26
what happens to the sensory neurone in the spinal nerve
it crosses a synapse to the relay neurone
27
what happens after crossing a synapse to the relay neaurone
it crosses a synapse to the motor neurone
28
where does the motor neurone leave
spinal nerve
29
what plate does the motor neurone move
motor end plate
30
What do dendrites look similar too
branches
31
does a neurone have a cytoplasm
yes
32
does a neurone have a nucleus
yes
33
does a neurone have chloroplasts
no
34
does a neurone have a cell membrane
yes
35
does a neurone have a cytoplasm, nucleus and cell membrane
yes
36
does a neurone have a nucleus, cytoplasm and chloroplasts
no
37
what structure has a myelin sheath
a neurone
38
what is a myelin sheath for
insulation
39
what does the myelin sheath contain within it
an axon
40
what is around the axon
myelin sheath
41
where is the nerve ending
the edge of the dendrites
42
What does a synapse convert an impulse into in order to travel across the gap
chemical
43
what is the chemical impulse converted into after crossing a synapse
electrical
44
why do synapses have mitochondria
synthesising proteins
45
where does the chemical impulse diffuse between (synapse)
neurones
46
what is an effector
an organ that does something in response to a stimulus
47
what word is this a definition of: an organ that does something in response to a stimulus
an effector
48
what are the two examples of an effector
muscles and glands
49
what are the things in neurones containing the chemicals for diffusion called
chemical transmitters
50
outline the key areas of a reflex arc
stimulus - receptor - sensory neurone - into spinal cord - relay neurone - motor neurone - out of spinal cord - motor end plate
51
state the role of the central nervous system
made up of the spinal chord and the brain
52
what word is this the definition of: made up of the spinal chord and the brain
central nervous system
53
state the role of a motor neurone
carries nerve impulses from the relay neurone to the effector organs
54
what word is this the definition of: carries nerve impulses from the relay neurone to the effector organs
motor neurone
55
state the role of a sensory neurone
carries nerve impulses from sense organs to the central nervous system
56
what word is the definition of: carries nerve impulses from sense organs to the central nervous system
sensory neurone
57
state the role of a receptor
cells are clustered together in sense organs such as eyes or skin
58
what word is the definition of: cells are clustered together in sense organs such as eyes or skin
receptor
59
state the role of stimulus
changes in the environment around you
60
what word is the definition for: changes in the environment around you
stimulus
61
state the role of an effector
organs which respond to impulses sent by the motor neurone
62
what word is the definition for: organs which respond to impulses sent by the motor neurone
effector
63
What is the risk in the reaction times experiment
injury from the falling ruler
64
what equipment is needed for the reaction times experiment
metre ruler - chair - table - partner
65
why should you repeat the reaction times experiment
so anomalies can be identified
66
What measure of time do we use for reaction times (e.g. s)
milliseconds
67
What is the endocrine system made up of
glands which all secrete hormones
68
which system is made up of glands that all secret hormones
endocrine system
69
define: secrete hormones
small chemical molecules spread around the body in the blood stream
70
what phrase is defined as: small chemical molecules spread around the body in the blood stream
secrete hormones
71
Which gland is attached to the brain
pituitary gland
72
what is the main role of the pituitary gland
to tell other glands to release their hormones
73
what glands main role is: to tell other glands to release their hormones
pituitary gland
74
which gland is found in the neck
Thyroid gland
75
what is the main function of the thyroid gland
when there are low thyroxine levels the pituitary gland tells it to release TSH
76
what glands main role is: when there are low thyroxine levels the pituitary gland tells it to release TSH
Thyroid gland
77
what is the regulating process of TSH levels called
negative feedback
78
what does TSH stand for
Thyroid stimulating hormone
79
Which gland is located above the kidneys
Adrenal glands
80
what is the main role of the Adrenal gland
producing adrenaline
81
which glands main role is producing adrenaline
Adrenal gland
82
what is the main role of the pancreas
producing insulin
83
which glands main role is producing insulin
pancreas
84
why does the pancreas release insulin
to regulate blood glucose concentration
85
why does the Adrenal gland produce adrenaline
flight or fight response
86
Which gender are the testes found in
Males
87
what is the main role of the testes
producing sperm
88
which gender are the ovaries found in
females
89
what is the main role of the ovaries
holding egg cells
90
Is the nervous or endocrine system faster
nervous
91
does the nervous or endocrine system rely on hormones
endocrine
92
does the nervous or endocrine system rely on electrical impulses
nervous
93
does the nervous or endocrine system's effects last longer
endocrine
94
does the nervous or endocrine system act in one specific area
nervous
95
does the nervous or endocrine system act more generally
endocrine
96
what is the cerebral cortex concerned with
consciousness - intelligence - memory - language
97
where is the cerebral cortex located in the brain
the top of the brain
98
what is the cerebellum concerned with
coordinating muscular activity - balance
99
where is the cerebellum located in the brain
lower and a flower shape
100
what is the medulla concerned with
unconscious activities
101
where is the medulla located in the brain
lower brain and a stem chape
102
where is the cerebral cortex, medulla and cerebellum located
brain
103
How is it possible for brain research to be carries out on conscious patients
using MRI scans
104
why is it difficult to diagnose and treat brain disorders
it has a complex and delicate structure
105
why is surgery on the brain so dangerous
it is not fully understood
106
what does MRI stand for
magnetic resonance imaging
107
how is the brain protected
protective membranes (meninges) and a skull
108
how is electrical stimulation of the brain undertaken
stimulate areas after exposing the brain
109
how do scientists map different areas of the brain
matching changes in behaviour or memory in the damaged area
110
how are MRI scans used by doctors and scientists
they link loss of a function to a damaged area
111
what is are the benefits of studying people with brain damage
helped discover functions - help people
112
what are the risks of studying people with brain damage
waiting for brain damage - not accurate
113
what is a benefit of electrical stimulation of the brain
more targeted
114
what is a risk of electrical stimulation of the brain
kills your brain
115
what are the benefits of an MRI scan
map the brain - alive and awake people
116
what are the risks of an MRI scan
access - not cheap - difficult to use
117
define a lens
focuses light
118
which part of the eye focuses light
lens
119
define cornea
transparent area in the sclera - curved surface so the rays are focused on the retina
120
which part of the eye is a transparent area in the sclera with a curved surface so the rays are focused on the retina
cornea
121
define pupil
the hole in which light enters the eye
122
which part of the eye is the hole in which light enters the eye
pupil
123
define Iris
controls the size of the pupil - constricts and dialates to prevent damage
124
which aprt of the eye controls the size of the pupil and constricts or dialates to prevent damage
Iris
125
define cilliary muscle
holds the lense in place and can change the thickness of the lense
126
which part of the eye holds the lense in place and can change the thickness of the lense
cilliary muscle
127
define suspensory ligament (not that important)
a ligament that holds the lense in place
128
define retina
sends impulses to the brain so you see something
129
which part of the eye sends impulses to the brain so you see something
retina
130
define optic nerve
sends messages to the brain
131
which part of the eye sends messages to the brain
optic nerve
132
define sclera
white outer layer of the eye - tough and strong - eqious solution
133
which part of the eye is the white outer layer of the eye which is touch strong and an eqious solution
sclera
134
where is the blind spot in the eye
where the optic nerve leaves the eye
135
what do Rod cells in the eye show
light and dark
136
what do Cones cells in the eye show
colours
137
which cells in the eye show light and dark
Rod cells
138
which cells in the eyes show colours
cones cells
139
Is myopia short or long sighted
short sighted
140
Is hyperopia short or long sighted
long sighted
141
what does Myopia mean (see far away)
you can see close to you but not far away
142
what does hyperopia mean (see far away)
you can see far away to you but not close
143
what are the causes of Myopia
eyeballs to long - cornea is curved to sharply
144
what are the causes of hyperopia
eyeballs to short - lense not thick or curved enough - lense cant bend the light enough
145
which lense can fix myopia
diverging lense
146
which lense can fix Hyperopia
a converging lense
147
What happens when glucose levels are high
the pancreas releases insulin
148
what happens when the pancreas releases insulin
the liver stores glucose as glycogen
149
what happens when the lives stores glucose as glycogen
the blood sugar levels are lowered
150
151
What is a negative feedback loop
The bodys way if maintaining a steady state. The body does the opposite of the stimulus
152
Describe how the brain is informed of the image detected by the retina?
An impulse is detected in the receptor- of the retina - this is sent through the optic nerve - to form an image in the brain
