homeostasis

Question 1

physiology is an _____science

Answer 1

integrative

Question 2

complex systems have ___properties

Answer 2

emergent

Question 3

genomics

Answer 3

study of all the genomes of an organism

human genome project

Question 4

proteomics

Answer 4

study of all of the proteins of an organism

Question 5

the physiome project

Answer 5

molecular, cellular, and physiological information

Question 6

epigenetics

Answer 6

when genes get turned on and off.

environmental effects

Question 7

physiology

Answer 7

the study of the normal functioning of a living organism and its component parts
includes all its chemical and physical processes

Question 8

what is the smallest unit of stricture capable of carrying out all life processes?

Answer 8

the cell

Question 9

what is the organization of life?

Answer 9

atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and organisms

Question 10

which organs make up the circulatory system?

Answer 10

heart, blood vessels, blood

Question 11

what is the function of the circulatory system?

Answer 11

transport of materials between all cells of the body

Question 12

Which organs are in the digestive system?

Answer 12

stomach
intestine
liver
pancrease

Question 13

what is the function of the digestive system?

Answer 13

conversion of food into particles that can be transported into the body; elimination of some wasts

Question 14

which organs are in the endocrine system?

Answer 14

thyroid gland

adrenal gland

Question 15

what is the function of the endocrine system?

Answer 15

coordination of body function through synthesis and release of regulatory molecules.

Question 16

which organs are in the immune system?

Answer 16

thymus
spleen
lymph nodes

Question 17

what is the function of the immune system?

Answer 17

defense against foreign invaders

Question 18

which organs make up the integumentary system?

Answer 18

the skin

Question 19

what is the function of the integumentary system?

Answer 19

protection from external environment

Question 20

which organs make up the musculoskeletal system?

Answer 20

skeleton
muscles
bone

Question 21

what is the function of the musculoskeletal system?

Answer 21

support and movement

Question 22

what organs make up the nervous system?

Answer 22

brain

spinal cord

Question 23

which organs make up the reproductive system?

Answer 23

ovaries
uterus
testes

Question 24

what is the function of the reproductive system?

Answer 24

perpetuation of the species

Question 25

which organs are in the urinary system?

Answer 25

kidneys | bladder

Question 26

what is the function of the respiratory system?

Answer 26

exchange of oxygen and carbon between the internal and external environments

Question 27

which organs make up the respiratory system?

Answer 27

lungs | airways

Question 28

what is the function of the urinary system?

Answer 28

maintenance of water and solutes in the internal environment, waste removal

Question 29

Function explains the ___

Answer 29

why

Question 30

process or mechanism describes the ___

Answer 30

how

Question 31

____ and ____ are closely related.

Answer 31

Structure and function

Question 32

living organisms need ___

Answer 32

energy

Question 33

____maintains internal stability

Answer 33

homeostasis

Question 34

homeostasis

Answer 34

``` regulation of the body's internal environment keeping internal environment stable interaction between: outside world extracellular fluid intracellular fluid ```

Question 35

Homeostasis is not the same as equilibrium. It is said to be a ______ _______ state.

Answer 35

Dynamic steady state | we are always changing but our body is trying to keep it at a steady state

Question 36

what happens when you cant reach homeostasis or if you fail to compensate for a change?

Answer 36

disease/death

Question 37

If homeostasis were impossible, what would happen when we participate in any type of activity?

Answer 37

we wouldnt be able to compensate for all the changes that would take place in our bodies and we would die.

Question 38

intrinsic control

Answer 38

inherent in an organ | ex: CO2 and vessel dilation in muscles

Question 39

extrinsic control

Answer 39

outside the organ to alter the activity of the organ (body wide)

Question 40

where is extrinsic control accomplished?

Answer 40

in the nervous and endocrine systems by hormones.

Question 41

what is an example of positive feedback?

Answer 41

oxytocin release. the baby drops lower in the uterus and initiates cervical stretch which then stimulates oxytocin release which causes contractions which pushes baby again the cervix which then causes cervical stretch and the cycle continues until the baby is delivered.

Question 42

what is the transport mechanism for nutrients?

Answer 42

the extracellular fluid (ECF)

Question 43

what is ECF made up of?

Answer 43

blood plasma and interstitial fluid

Question 44

what is the equation for mass flow?

Answer 44

concentration x volume flow = mass flow (amount per unit time)

Question 45

What is the mass flow for 50g glucose per liter given i.v. at 2 ml/min (WORK IT OUT!)

Answer 45

0.1g glucose/min

Question 46

which ion(s) is ECF high in?

Answer 46

Na+ and Cl-

Question 47

which ion(s) is ICF high in?

Answer 47

K+

Question 48

what are the steps of experimental design?

Answer 48

``` hypothesis independent and dependent variables experimental controls data collection and replications difference between models and theories ```

Question 49

why is it hard to interpret the results of human experiments?

Answer 49

there is genetic and environmental variability the placebo effect and nocebo effect ethics of human as test subjects

Question 50

Negative feedback

Answer 50

stabilizes variable (opposes changes)

Question 51

positive feedback

Answer 51

reinforces stimulus

Question 52

feedforward control

Answer 52

anticipates change