Homeostasis Flashcards

(23 cards)

1
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

The maintaining of a constant internal environment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the functions of the kidneys?

A

They filter the blood to remove harmful substances such as urea; they then selectively reabsorb the correct amounts of each the substances your body requires.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What do the kidneys produce?

A

Urine by mixing the waste products after filtering the blood; urea, water and excess ions are the main components of urine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the function of the ureter?

A

It is a tube which allows urine to move from the kidneys to the bladder where it is stored before being excreted through the urethra.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How does kidney dialysis work?

A

The patient is linked up to the dialysis machine as it carries out the function of the kidneys; urea, excess glucose and excess ions diffuse out of the dialysis tube through the partially permeable membrane; the dialysis solution contains glucose and ions at the same concentration as the blood so that no diffusion takes place.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the advantages / disadvantages of using a kidney dialysis machine?

A

It allows the patient to lead a relatively full, active life; it is a time consuming process which usually involves a lot of time in hospital; the patient has to keep a very controlled diet.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the advantages/ disadvantages of kidney transplants?

A

The patient is free from restrictions which come with kidney dialysis; there is a high risk of the body rejecting the donor organ; the patient must take immunosuppressants which prevent the body dealing effectively with infectious diseases; there is a shortage of kidney donors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is glycogen?

A

A storage carbohydrate found in the liver and muscles which can release glucose.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is glucagon?

A

A hormone which increases the concentration of glucose in the blood as it causes glycogen to be converted into glucose.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is insulin?

A

A hormone that reduces the concentration of glucose in the blood as it causes excess glucose to convert into glycogen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How is type 1 diabetes caused?

A

When you are born with a pancreas which doesn’t produce enough insulin to effectively control the concentration of glucose in the blood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How can type 1 diabetes be treated?

A

Regular injections of insulin allow glucose to be kept relatively controlled; regular mealtimes and smaller amounts of carbohydrate consumed reduce the sudden peaks in blood glucose.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What can type 2 diabetes be a result of?

A

Obesity or lack of exercise.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How can type 2 diabetes be treated?

A

Eating a balanced diet; losing weight and doing regular exercise; taking drugs to make insulin more effective in the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How is the core body temperature controlled?

A

The thermoregulatory centre in the brain contains receptors which monitor the temperature of the blood flowing through the brain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the danger if your core body temperature rises too high?

A

Your enzymes can denature so they are no longer able to catalyse the reactions in the body.

17
Q

What is vasodilation and why does it occur?

A

It is the dilation of capillaries near the surface of your skin which allows more blood to flow through them; your skin flushes so that more energy by radiation when your core body temperature rises too high.

18
Q

What is produced when your core body temperature increases?

A

More sweat is produced; this cools your body as it uses thermal energy from the skin to evaporate.

19
Q

What is the danger if your core body temperature falls too low?

A

The rate of reactions in your body decreases and you don’t release enough energy; your cells begin to die.

20
Q

What is vasoconstriction and why does it occur?

A

It is the constricting of the capillaries near the surface of the skin which reduces the flow of blood through them; this reduces the energy lost by radiation from your skin if your core body temperature drops too low.

21
Q

Why does shivering occur?

A

Shivering occurs if your core body temperature falls low; your muscles contract and relax rapidly and this movement requires lots of energy from respiration; this is an exothermic reaction so energy is lost to the surroundings as heat and you warm up.

22
Q

Where is urea produced?

23
Q

How are excess ions removed from the body?

A

In urine and through sweat.