Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

science > Homeostasis > Flashcards

Homeostasis Flashcards

(114 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Multi cellular organism

A

Multi-cellular organisms are organisms with more than one cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Homeostasis

A

The tendency towards a relatively stable equilibrium between interdependent elements, especially as maintained by physiological processes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Stimulus–response model

A

The stimulus–response model is a characterization of a statistical unit (such as a neuron) as a black box model, predicting a quantitative response to a quantitative stimulus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Negative feedback

A

The diminution or counteraction of an effect by its own influence on the process giving rise to it, as when a high level of a particular hormone in the blood may inhibit further secretion of that hormone, or where the result of a certain action may inhibit further performance of that action.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Glucose

A

A simple sugar which is an important energy source in living organisms and is a component of many carbohydrates.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Pancreas

A

A large gland behind the stomach which secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum. Embedded in the pancreas are the islets of Langerhans, which secrete into the blood the hormones insulin and glucagon.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Insulin

A

A hormone produced in the pancreas by the islets of Langerhans, which regulates the amount of glucose in the blood. The lack of insulin causes a form of diabetes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Glycogen

A

A substance deposited in bodily tissues as a store of carbohydrates. It is a polyacrylamide which forms glucose on hydrolysis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Positive feedback

A

The enhancing or amplification of an effect by its own influence on the process which gives rise to it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Oxycontin

A

A hormone released by the pituitary gland that causes increased contraction of the uterus during labor and stimulates the ejection of milk into the ducts of the breasts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Central nervous system

A

The brain and the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

The nerves that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Nervous system

A

The network of nerve cells and fibers which transmits nerve impulses between parts of the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Endocrine system

A

The endocrine system is a chemical messenger system consisting of hormones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Signalling molecules

A

Signaling molecules interact with a target cell as a ligand to cell surface receptors, and/or by entering into the cell through its membrane or endocytosis for intracrine signaling.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Sensory neurons

A

Sensory neurons are nerve cells within the nervous system responsible for converting external stimuli from the organism’s environment into internal electrical impulses.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Motor neurons

A

A nerve cell forming part of a pathway along which impulses pass from the brain or spinal cord to a muscle or gland.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

A chemical substance which is released at the end of a nerve fiber by the arrival of a nerve impulse and, by diffusing across the synapse or junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Endocrine glands

A

A gland that secretes a substance a hormone into the bloodstream. The endocrine glands are glands of internal secretion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Hormones

A

A regulatory substance produced in an organism and transported in tissue fluids such as blood or sap to stimulate specific cells or tissues into action.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Thermoregulation

A

Thermoregulation is the ability of an organism to keep its body temperature within certain boundaries, even when the surrounding temperature is very different.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Thermostat

A

A device that automatically regulates temperature, or that activates a device when the temperature reaches a certain point.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Neurons

A

A specialised cell transmitting nerve impulses; a nerve cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Nerves

A

A whitish fiber or bundle of fibers in the body that transmits impulses of sensation to the brain or spinal cord, and impulses from these to the muscles and organs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Sensory neurons
Sensory neurons are nerve cells within the nervous system responsible for converting external stimuli from the organism's environment into internal electrical impulses.
26
Interneurons
A neuron which transmits impulses between other neurons, especially as part of a reflex arc.
27
Motor neurons
A nerve cell forming part of a pathway along which impulses pass from the brain or spinal cord to a muscle or gland.
28
Nucleus
The central and most important part of an object, movement, or group, forming the basis for its activity and growth.
29
Organelles
Any of a number of organized or specialized structures within a living cell.
30
Cytosol
The aqueous component of the cytoplasm of a cell, within which various organelles and particles are suspended.
31
Cell membrane
The semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell.
32
Cell body
The nucleus-containing central part of a neuron exclusive of its axons and dendrites that is the major structural element of the gray matter of the brain and spinal cord, the ganglia, and the retina
33
Interneurons
A neuron which transmits impulses between other neurons, especially as part of a reflex arc.
34
Motor neurons
A nerve cell forming part of a pathway along which impulses pass from the brain or spinal cord to a muscle or gland.
35
Myelin
A mixture of proteins and phospholipids forming a whitish insulating sheath around many nerve fibers, which increases the speed at which impulses are conducted.
36
Organelles
Any of a number of organized or specialized structures within a living cell.
37
Cytosol
The aqueous component of the cytoplasm of a cell, within which various organelles and particles are suspended.
38
Cell membrane
The semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell.
39
Cell body
The nucleus-containing central part of a neuron exclusive of its axons and dendrites that is the major structural element of the gray matter of the brain and spinal cord, the ganglia, and the retina
40
Dendrites
A short branched extension of a nerve cell, along which impulses received from other cells at synapses are transmitted to the cell body.
41
Axon
The long thread-like part of a nerve cell along which impulses are conducted from the cell body to other cells
42
Myelin
A mixture of proteins and phospholipids forming a whitish insulating sheath around many nerve fibers, which increases the speed at which impulses are conducted.
43
Synapse
A junction between two nerve cells, consisting of a minute gap across which impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter.
44
Vesicles
A small fluid-filled bladder, sac, cyst, or vacuole within the body.
45
Effector
An organ or cell that acts in response to a stimulus.
46
Reflex arc
The nerve pathway involved in a reflex action, including at its simplest a sensory nerve and a motor nerve with a synapse between.
47
Stimuli
A thing or event that evokes a specific functional reaction in an organ or tissue.
48
Sense organs
An organ of the body which responds to external stimuli by conveying impulses to the sensory nervous system.
49
Thermoreceptors
Enable you to detect variations in temperature and are located in your skin, body core and part of your brain, called the hypothalamus.
50
Mechanoreceptors
Are sensitive to touch, pressure, sound, motion and muscle movement and are located in your skin, skeletal muscles and inner ear.
51
Chemoreceptors
Are sensitive to particular chemicals and are located in your nose and taste buds.
52
Photoreceptors
Are sensitive to light and are located only in your eyes.
53
Pain receptors
Enable you respond to chemicals released by damaged cells.
54
hot thermoreceptors
That detect an increase in skin temperature above | the normal body temperature (37.5 °C).
55
Cold thermoreceptors
That detect a decrease below 35.8 °C. These thermoreceptors can also protect you from burning or damaging your skin.
56
Olfactory nerve
Each of the first pair of cranial nerves, supplying the smell receptors in the mucous membrane of the nose.
57
Pupil
A person who is taught by another, especially a schoolchild or student in relation to a teacher.
58
Iris
A flat, coloured, ring-shaped membrane behind the cornea of the eye, with an adjustable circular opening in the center.
59
Cornea
The transparent layer forming the front of the eye
60
Lens
A piece of glass or other transparent material with curved sides for concentrating or dispersing light rays, used singly or with other lenses.
61
Retina
A layer at the back of the eyeball that contains cells sensitive to light, which trigger nerve impulses that pass via the optic nerve to the brain, where a visual image is formed.
62
Short-sightedness
The quality of being short-sighted; inability to see things clearly unless they are relatively close to the eyes.
63
Long-sightedness
If you are hypermetropic, the image of a nearby object is formed behind the retina.
64
Optic nerve
Each of the second pair of cranial nerves, transmitting impulses to the brain from the retina at the back of the eye.
65
Cones
A solid or hollow object which tapers from a circular or roughly circular base to a point.
66
Colour blindness
Color-blindness is the inability to distinguish the differences between certain colors.
67
Ear canal
The ear canal is a tube running from the outer ear to the middle ear.
68
Eardrum
The membrane of the middle ear, which vibrates in response to sound waves; the tympanic membrane.
69
Ossicles
A very small bone, especially one of those in the middle ear.
70
Middle ear
The air-filled central cavity of the ear, behind the eardrum.
71
Cochlea
The spiral cavity of the inner ear containing the organ of Corti, which produces nerve impulses in response to sound vibrations.
72
Auditory nerve
The auditory nerve is a bundle of nerve fibers that carries hearing information between the cochlea the brain.
73
Tongue
The fleshy muscular organ in the mouth of a mammal, used for tasting, licking, swallowing, and articulating speech.
74
Taste buds
Any of the clusters of bulbous nerve endings on the tongue and in the lining of the mouth which provide the sense of taste.
75
Papilla
A small rounded protuberance on a part or organ of the body.
76
Target cells
A cell which bears receptors for a hormone, drug, or other signalling molecule, or is the focus of contact by a virus, phagocyte, nerve fiber, etc.
77
Pituitary gland
The major endocrine gland, a pea-sized body attached to the base of the brain that is important in controlling growth and development and the functioning of the other endocrine glands.
78
Hypothalamus
A region of the fore brain below the thalamus which coordinates both the autonomic nervous system and the activity of the pituitary.
79
Pineal gland
A pea-sized conical mass of tissue behind the third ventricle of the brain, secreting a hormone-like substance in some mammals.
80
Thermoregulation
Thermoregulation is the ability of an organism to keep its body temperature within certain boundaries, even when the surrounding temperature is very different.
81
Glucagon
A hormone formed in the pancreas which promotes the breakdown of glycogen to glucose in the liver.
82
Luteinising hormone
A hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates ovulation in females and the synthesis of androgen in males.
83
Testes
Plural form of testis
84
Testosterone
A steroid hormone that stimulates development of male secondary sexual characteristics, produced mainly in the testes.
85
Sperm
Semen.
86
Follicle-stimulating hormone
A hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland which promotes the formation of ova or sperm.
87
Ovaries
A female reproductive organ in which ova or eggs are produced, present in humans and other vertebrates as a pair.
88
Follicles
A small secretory cavity, sac, or gland, in particular:
89
Oestrogen
Any of a group of steroid hormones which promote the development and maintenance of female characteristics of the body.
90
Uterus
The organ in the lower body of a woman or female mammal where offspring are conceived and in which they gestate before birth; the womb.
91
Hypothalamus
A region of the fore brain below the thalamus which coordinates both the autonomic nervous system and the activity of the pituitary.
92
Fallopian tube
In a female mammal either of a pair of tubes along which eggs travel from the ovaries to the uterus.
93
Ovulation
Discharge of ova or ovules from the ovary.
94
Corpus luteum
A hormone-secreting structure that develops in an ovary after an ovum has been discharged but degenerates after a few days unless pregnancy has begun
95
Progesterone
A steroid hormone released by the corpus luteum that stimulates the uterus to prepare for pregnancy.
96
Fertilization
The action or process of fertilizing an egg or a female animal or plant, involving the fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote.
97
Menstruation
The process in a woman of discharging blood and other material from the lining of the uterus at intervals of about one lunar month from puberty
98
Menstrual cycle
The process of ovulation and menstruation in women and other female primates.
99
Producers
An autotrophic organism capable of producing complex organic compounds from simple inorganic molecules through the process of photosynthesis or through chemo synthesis.
100
Autotrophs
An organism that manufactures its own food from inorganic substances, such as carbon dioxide and ammonia.
101
Photosynthesis
Biochemistry. the complex process by which carbon dioxide, water, and certain inorganic salts are converted into carbohydrates by green plants, algae, and certain bacteria, using energy from the sun and chlorophyll.
102
Fat
An organic substance that is solid at room temperature and is made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms
103
Metabolism
The chemical reactions occurring within an organism that enable the organism to use energy and grow and repair cells.
104
Cellular Respiration
The chemical reaction involving oxygen that moves the energy in glucose into the compound ATP. The body is able to use the energy contained in ATP.
105
Adenosine Triphosphate
The chemical breakdown of food using oxygen. The reaction needs enzymes, occurs in all body cells and releases energy.
106
Aerobic Respiration
The process that involves the breaking down of glucose so that energy is released in a form that your cells can then use.
107
Glycolysis
Process by which glucose is converted into a simple form, during which energy is released.
108
Krebs Cycle
Part of the aerobic respiration process in which carbon dioxide and ATP (energy) are produced.
109
Electron Transport Chain Reactions
Part of the aerobic respiration process.
110
Mitochondria
Small rod-shaped organelles that supply energy to other parts of the cell. They are usually too small to be seen with light microscopes. Singular = mitochondrion.
111
Anaerobic Respiration
The chemical breakdown of food without oxygen. The reaction needs enzymes, occurs in cells and releases less energy than aerobic respiration.
112
Lactic Acid
An end product of anaerobic respiration in animals; also known as lactate.
113
Lactate
See lactic acid.
114
Ethanol
An end product of anaerobic respiration in plants; a form of alcohol

science (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions