Homeostasis

Question 1

this terms describes the movement of fluid, gas or ions from high to low concentration gradient

Answer 1

diffusion

Question 2

movement of ions through channels into cells; pumping of ions/molecules against a concentration gradient

Answer 2

transport

Question 3

what are things that move into the cell?

Answer 3

carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, lipids, salts, O2, H2O

Question 4

Name some things that are transported out of the cell.

Answer 4

waste products, ammonia, salts, CO2, H20

Question 5

what are the types of passive transport?

Answer 5

diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis

Question 6

what are the types of active transport?

Answer 6

pumps, cotransport

Question 7

does not require energy or a carrier protein. may require a channel protein

Answer 7

diffusion

Question 8

what are some factors that alter diffusion rate?

Answer 8

membrane permeability, concentration difference, electrical potential, pressure

Question 9

what is the extracellular concentration of Na+ ?

Answer 9

142 mEq/L

Question 10

what is the intracellular concentration of Na+ ?

Answer 10

10 mEq/L

Question 11

what is the extracellular concentration of K+?

Answer 11

4 mEq/L

Question 12

what is the intracellular concentration of K+?

Answer 12

140 mEq/L

Question 13

what is the extracellular concentration of Cl-?

Answer 13

103 mEq/L

Question 14

what is the intracellular concentration of Cl-?

Answer 14

4 mEq/L

Question 15

what determines simple ion diffusion?

Answer 15

concentration difference, electrical difference, and channels being open (permeability)

Question 16

what are the two types of simple diffusion gated channels?

Answer 16

voltage gating, and chemical gating

Question 17

What is/are an example(s) of a voltage gated channel?

Answer 17

Na+ channel , K+ channel

Question 18

how many gates does a voltage gated sodium channel have?

Answer 18

2

Question 19

how many gates does a voltage gated potassium channel have?

Answer 19

1

Question 20

what is an example of a chemical gating channel?

Answer 20

acetylcholine nicotinic receptor and serotonin type 3 receptor

Question 21

permeability to CATIONS produces what kind of membrane potential?

Answer 21

depolarization (cell activation)

Question 22

permeability to ANIONS produces what kind of membrane potential?

Answer 22

hyperpolarization (cell inhibition)

Question 23

cardiac acetylcholine muscarinic receptor and beta adrenergic receptor are examples of what?

Answer 23

chemical gating: g protein linked ion channels

Question 24

carrier mediated diffusion is also known as ___.

Answer 24

facilitated diffusion

Question 25

what is an example of a carrier mediated diffusion transporter?

Answer 25

GLUT4-glucose transporter

Question 26

Vmax for facilitated diffusion is determined by ____ and _____

Answer 26

concentration of carrier molecules and the rate of movement of carrier molecules across channel

Question 27

movement of molecules AGAINST a concentration gradient

Answer 27

active transport

Question 28

true/false: active transport requires energy and carrier protein

Answer 28

TRUE

Question 29

this type of transport requires the breakdown of ATP.

Answer 29

primary active transport

Question 30

Na+/K+ ATPase, Ca2+ ATPase, and H+ pumps are an example of

Answer 30

primary active transport

Question 31

uses energy of one solute moving with the concentration gradient ( created previously with primary active transport) to move another substance against the concentration gradient

Answer 31

secondary active transport

Question 32

both ions are moved in the same direction

Answer 32

symport/ cotransporters

Question 33

moves ions in separate directions

Answer 33

exchangers/ antiport/ counter transport

Question 34

what are some examples of Na+ cotransport?

Answer 34

Na/amino acid cotransporter, Na/phosphate cotransporter, Na+/glucose

Question 35

uses the gradient of one molecule to move another against the concentration gradient but in opposite direction

Answer 35

exchangers/ counter-transport

Question 36

what are examples of exchangers?

Answer 36

Na/Ca2+ exchanger, Na-H exchanger

Question 37

what is the ratio for the Na/Ca2+ exchanger?

Answer 37

3:1

Question 38

what is the ratio for the Na/H+ exchanger?

Answer 38

1:1

Question 39

water movement across the cell is what type of transport?

Answer 39

facilitated diffusion, requires aquaporin 1

Question 40

solvent moving from area of high solvent concentration to low solvent concentration across the semipermeable membrane

Answer 40

osmosis

Question 41

pressure required to maintain an equilibrium with no net movement of solvent

Answer 41

osmotic pressure

Question 42

true/false: ions can move but water cannot across the semipermeable membrane

Answer 42

FALSE; water can move, ions cannot

Question 43

how is movement across the semipermeable membrane determined?

Answer 43

by molar solute concentration

Question 44

moles of solute per liter of solution

Answer 44

molarity

Question 45

osmoles of solute (can dissociate within solution) per liter of solution

Answer 45

osmolarity

Question 46

2 moles of NaCl yields how many osmoles of solute particles in water?

Answer 46

4 osmoles of solute

Question 47

true/false: osmotic pressure is determined by the number of particles.

Answer 47

TRUE

Question 48

1 M of CaCl2 equals how many osmoles?

Answer 48

3 osm

Question 49

describe what will happen to the cell if it is placed in a HYPERTONIC solution.

Answer 49

water will rush out of the cell

Question 50

true/false: in a hypotonic solution, the solution is hypoosmotic (has a lesser solute concentration) compared to the inside of the cell causing water to rush into the cell.

Answer 50

TRUE

Question 51

has the same solute concentration compared to the inside of a cell

Answer 51

isotonic solution

Question 52

these blood volume expanders are aqueous mineral solutions and semi-permeable

Answer 52

crystalloids

Question 53

these volume expanders are large molecular weight, mostly impermeable, and increase osmotic pressure

Answer 53

colloids (ex. albumin)