Peripheral Nerves and ANS

Question 1

from skin, muscle, and joints

Answer 1

somatic afferents

Question 2

from organs; can travel through the spinal cords or vagus from medulla

Answer 2

visceral afferents

Question 3

Types of afferent receptors (3)

Answer 3

1. ) nociceptors
2. ) mechanoreceptors
3. ) proprioceptors

Question 4

detect pressure or stretch

Answer 4

mechanoreceptors

Question 5

respond to chemicals

Answer 5

nociceptors

Question 6

detect changes in muscle or tendon length/tension ; help to sense positioning

Answer 6

proprioreceptors

Question 7

motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates

Answer 7

motor unit

Question 8

antagonist/block neuronal Na+ channels

Answer 8

tetrodotoxin

Question 9

antagonist/blocks Ca2+ channel

Answer 9

Conotoxin

Question 10

antagonist for ACH release

Answer 10

botulinum toxin

Question 11

antagonist for acetylcholinesterase

Answer 11

physostigmine

Question 12

agonist for AChR channel (2)

Answer 12

1.) Ach 2.) nicotine

Question 13

antagonist for AChR channel

Answer 13

tubocurarine, curare

Question 14

Three things that occur during inspiration

Answer 14

1. ) HR increases
2. ) Decrease in parasympathetic output from ANS
3. ) Increases in cardiac pacemaker

Question 15

3 things during expiration

Answer 15

1. ) HR decreases
2. ) increase in parasympathetic output from ANS
3. ) slows cardiac pacemaker

Question 16

True/False: alpha 1 adrenergic receptors has more affinity to NE

Answer 16

TRUE

Question 17

True/False: Alpha 2 has more affinity for epi

Answer 17

TRUE

Question 18

Beta 1 has more affinity for ___.

Answer 18

Epi

Question 19

increases heart rate and cardiac contractility

Answer 19

beta 1

Question 20

which receptor has a much greater response to epi?

Answer 20

beta 2

Question 21

Bronchodilation, some vasodilation from this receptor

Answer 21

Beta 2

Question 22

All preganglionic neurons release which NT

Answer 22

Ach

Question 23

postganglionic sympathetic neurons release

Answer 23

NE

Question 24

Overactivation of muscarinic receptors (mnemonic)

Answer 24

DUMBELSS (more parasympathetic activation)

Diarrhea, urination, miosis (pupil constriction), bradycardia, emesis, lacrimation, salivation, sweating

Question 25

more sympathetic tone/ innervation

Answer 25

blood vessels

Question 26

more parasympathetic tone/innervation

Answer 26

gut

Question 27

sympathetic innervation

Answer 27

sweat glands

Question 28

hexamethonium blocks N2 receptors what does this do to blood pressure?

Answer 28

drops blood pressure; vessels are under sympathetic innervation

Question 29

Examples of autonomic reflex in gut

Answer 29

vago vagal reflex in response to gastric distension

Question 30

Describe how baroreceptor reflex works

Answer 30

1. ) when bp is high, reflex reduces HR and BP | 2. ) when bp is low, reflex raises HR and BP

Question 31

parasympathetic reflex of the ANS to lower heart rate during heart damage

Answer 31

coronary chemoreflex

Question 32

stimulation of cardiac vagal afferents by inflammatory substances lead to ____

Answer 32

stimulation of AP's and drop in HR and drop in BP

Question 33

What are some way to therapeutically manipulate the ANS?

Answer 33

1. ) receptor agonists/antagonists 2. ) block of breakdown of NT 3. ) packaging of NT

Question 34

agonists for Epi/NE system receptors

Answer 34

1. ) epinephrine 2. ) norepinephrine 3. ) phenylephrine 4. ) albuterol

Question 35

beta 2 receptor agonist

Answer 35

albuterol

Question 36

alpha 1 receptor agonist

Answer 36

phenylephrine

Question 37

antagonist of beta receptor

Answer 37

propranolol

Question 38

agonist of Ach receptor system

Answer 38

pilocarpine

Question 39

Ach muscarinic receptor agonist

Answer 39

pilocarpine

Question 40

antagonist of Ach muscarinic

Answer 40

atropine and glycopyrrolate

Question 41

What breaks down dopamine and NE in the nerve terminal?

Answer 41

monoamine oxidase | catecholomethyl transferase

Question 42

What would treatment with reserpine do to BP ?

Answer 42

lowers BP

Question 43

part of brain involved in memory

Answer 43

hippocampus

Question 44

part of brain involved in emotion or fear response

Answer 44

amygdala

Question 45

sweat glands innervated by

Answer 45

cholinergic postganglionic sympathetic

Question 46

adrenal medulla receives synaptic input from ___

Answer 46

preganglionic sympathetic

Question 47

which receptor is found between synapses between preganglionic and postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic system?

Answer 47

nicotinic

Question 48

nasal, lacrimal, and salivary glands are stimulated by what?

Answer 48

Ach