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Science > Homeostasis and Response > Flashcards

Homeostasis and Response Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

Keeping a stable internal environment

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2
Q

Why is homeostasis important?

A

It keeps body conditions optimal for survival.

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3
Q

Which organ controls body temperature?

A

The hypothalamus

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4
Q

How does the body respond to overheating?

A

Sweating and blood vessels widening

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5
Q

How does the body react to cold temperatures?

A

Shivering and blood vessels narrowing.

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6
Q

What is negative feedback in homeostasis?

A

A response that restores balance when conditions change.

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7
Q

How is blood sugar controlled?

A

Insulin lowers it, glucagon increases it.

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8
Q

Which organ regulates blood sugar?

A

The pancreas.

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9
Q

What is the role of the kidneys in homeostasis?

A

They remove waste and balance water levels.

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10
Q

What is osmoregulation?

A

Controlling water levels in the body.

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11
Q

What is thermoregulation?

A

Maintaining body temperature.

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12
Q

How does the body react to dehydration?

A

Less urine is produced, and thirst increases.

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13
Q

What is the role of hormones in homeostasis?

A

They send chemical signals to regulate body functions.

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14
Q

What part of the brain controls automatic responses?

A

The medulla

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15
Q

What is a reflex action?

A

A fast, automatic response to danger

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16
Q

What are effectors in the body?

A

Muscles or glands that carry out responses.

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17
Q

Which system coordinates homeostasis?

A

The nervous and endocrine systems.

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18
Q

How does adrenaline affect the body?

A

It prepares for “fight or flight” by increasing heart rate.

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19
Q

What does insulin do?

A

Lowers blood sugar levels.

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20
Q

How do hormones travel in the body?

A

Through the bloodstream

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21
Q

Why is homeostasis crucial for survival in extreme environments?

A

It maintains stable conditions despite external changes.

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22
Q

How do receptors help maintain homeostasis in the body?

A

They detect changes and trigger responses.

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23
Q

What role does negative feedback play in regulating body temperature?

A

It counteracts temperature fluctuations.

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24
Q

How does the nervous system contribute to homeostasis?

A

It sends signals to regulate bodily functions.

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25
Explain how dehydration affects homeostasis and body function.
Dehydration disrupts homeostasis by lowering blood pressure reducing sweating, and causing electrolyte imbalances, leading to confusion and muscle cramps.
26
What happens to blood pH during intense exercise, and how does the body correct it?
It decreases; breathing rate increases to restore balance.
27
How does adrenaline contribute to homeostasis during stressful situations?
It prepares the body for quick action.
28
What mechanisms does the body use to prevent excessive heat loss in cold weather?
Vasoconstriction, shivering, and reduced sweating.
29
How do kidneys balance ion levels in the blood to maintain homeostasis?
They filter excess ions and reabsorb needed ones.
30
Why is maintaining a stable glucose level important for brain function?
The brain relies on glucose for energy.
31
What happens if homeostasis fails in regulating blood pressure?
It can lead to hypertension and shock
32
How does the endocrine system interact with the nervous system in homeostasis?
Hormones complement nerve signals to regulate body functions.
33
Why do some organisms rely on behavioral adaptations for homeostasis?
To adjust to environmental changes (e.g., seeking shade).
34
How does the respiratory system adjust to maintain oxygen levels at high altitudes?
Breathing rate increases to compensate for lower oxygen.
35
What impact does prolonged stress have on homeostatic processes?
It disrupts hormone balance, affecting various body functions.
36
How does the body regulate blood calcium levels to maintain homeostasis?
Controlled by hormones—PTH increases calcium, calcitonin lowers it.
37
What role does the skin play in thermoregulation?
Sweat cools, blood vessels adjust, hairs trap heat.
38
How does the body respond to hypothermia to restore homeostasis?
Vasoconstriction, shivering, and metabolic heat production.
39
What is the role of the thyroid gland in metabolic homeostasis?
Regulates metabolism with thyroxine and triiodothyronine.
40
How do feedback loops ensure the stability of hormone levels in the body?
Negative feedback stabilizes levels (e.g., insulin for glucose), positive feedback amplifies processes (e.g., oxytocin in childbirth).
41
How does the endocrine system interact with the nervous system in homeostasis?
The endocrine system releases hormones in response to nervous system signals.
42
What is the function of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) in females?
FSH stimulates follicle development in the ovaries, preparing for ovulation.
43
How does FSH contribute to the development of ovarian follicles?
FSH helps follicles mature so they can release an egg during ovulation.
44
What triggers the release of Luteinizing Hormone (LH)?
High estrogen levels stimulate the pituitary gland to release LH.
45
What is the primary role of LH in the menstrual cycle?
LH triggers ovulation and supports the formation of the corpus luteum.
46
How do FSH and LH work together to regulate ovulation?
FSH promotes follicle growth, while LH triggers ovulation and corpus luteum formation.
47
What happens to LH levels during pregnancy?
LH levels drop due to hormonal feedback, preventing ovulation during pregnancy.
48
How does the hypothalamus regulate hormone release in the female reproductive system?
The hypothalamus secretes GnRH, which controls FSH and LH release from the pituitary.
49
What role do neurons play in the secretion of reproductive hormones?
Neurons transmit signals that regulate hormone production and release.
50
What is the function of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)?
GnRH stimulates the pituitary gland to release FSH and LH.
51
How does the pituitary gland control the release of FSH and LH?
The pituitary gland releases FSH and LH in response to GnRH from the hypothalamus.
52
What effect does estrogen have on the hypothalamus and pituitary gland?
Estrogen provides feedback, either stimulating or inhibiting FSH and LH production.
53
What are the four phases of the menstrual cycle?
Follicular phase, ovulatory phase, luteal phase, menstrual phase
54
What does the follicular phase do?
Follicles grow, estrogen levels rise.
55
What does the ovulatory phase do?
LH surge triggers ovulation.
56
What does the luteal phase do?
Corpus luteum forms, progesterone supports uterine lining.
57
What does the menstrual phase do?
Uterine lining sheds if no fertilization occurs.
58
How does progesterone prepare the uterus for pregnancy?
Progesterone thickens the uterine lining, creating a suitable environment for implantation.
59
What happens to the corpus luteum if fertilization does not occur?
The corpus luteum degenerates, progesterone levels drop, and menstruation begins.
60
How do hormonal contraceptives interfere with the natural regulation of FSH and LH?
They suppress FSH and LH to prevent ovulation, altering hormone cycles.

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