homeostasis and temp regulation Flashcards
(35 cards)
what is homeostasis?
Maintaining a constant internal environment
What are hormones?
Chemical messengers carried by the blood which control many body functions
What is required for metabolism to operate?
a narrow range of temperature and pH and requires appropriate nutrients and water
what is negative feedback?
any change from the balance in optimal internal conditions results in the bodies, hormonal and nervous systems compensating for the change on restoring the balance
What happens during negative feedback?
The receptors detect a stimulus (level is too high or low)
The coordination centre receives and processes the information organising a response
Affect produces a response which counteract the change and restoring the optimal level
The effectors carry on producing the responses for as long as they are stimulated by the coordination Centre and if the level has changed too much, the receptor detect it and negative feedback starts again
What is the optimal temperature for enzymes in the body?
37°
Negative feedback of temperature steps (3)
1) The temperature receptors detect that the core body temperature is too high
2) The Thermoregulatory Centre act as a coordination centre and receives the information from the temperature receptors and sends nervous impulses to trigger the effects automatically
3) The effects such as the sweat glands or muscles produce a response to counteract the change
how does the body regulate temp if you’re too hot?
Erected muscles relax so that hairs lie flat
Sweating- A layer of liquid sweat made by sweat glands, carried up by sweat ducts and released by sweat pores onto the skin and evaporates removing heat energy.
vasodilation
what happens in the body when you’re too cold? (4)
Erected muscles contract has stand on end to trap an insulating layer of air
Very little sweat is produced
Shivering- Involuntary contraction of the muscles increases respiration and the release of heat energy.
Vasoconstriction
How does glucose get in the blood?
By eating food with carbohydrates
how do you remove glucose from the blood?
Exercise and normal metabolism of cells
what is excess glucose converted to and where is it stored?
Insoluble glycogen in the liver and it stored in the liver and muscles
What happens when blood glucose is too high?
Eating Increases glucose in blood.
Pancreas detects increase and releases the hormone insulin into the blood.
Insulin travels to liver and liver turns glucose into insoluble glycogen for Storage.
Glucose level decreases to normal levels.
what happens if blood glucose is too low?
Exercising decreases glucose in the blood.
Pancreas detects the decreases and releases the hormone glucagon into the blood.
Glucagon tells the liver to turn stored glycogen into glucose and release into the blood
Glucose levels in blood increases to normal levels.
What is type one diabetes?
Where the pancreas stops producing insulin so their blood glucose level can rise
How is type one diabetes treated?
With insulin injections several times a day, which removes glucose from the body quickly once the food has been digested
what else do people with type 1 diabetes need to be mindful about?
limiting eating food rich in simple carbohydrates and taking regular exercise
What is type two diabetes?
the body cells dont respond properly to the insulin that is produced
what increases chances of developing type two diabetes?
Being overweight
how can two diabetes be controlled by?
Eating in a healthy diet with complex carbohydrates, exercising regularly and losing weight
Two other treatments for type 2 diabetes
Insulin injections or medication
short term effect of alcohol on the body
slower reaction time
long term disadvantages of alcohol
People can become dependent on it and addicted
suffer withdrawal symptoms without it eg depression and anxiety
increase chances of liver, circulatory and heart diseases
Negative effects of drug misuse
addictive
Harmful and cause health problems like heart or circulatory problems
death
Performance enhancing drugs can cause high blood pressure
