Homeostatis And Response

Question 1

How does water leave the body?

Answer 1

Via breathing, skin when sweating and urine (negative feedback)

Question 2

Breathing, sweating and weeing are all examples of what?

Answer 2

Water leaving the body

Question 3

What is oestrogen?

Answer 3

•Secreted by ovaries
•Prevents FSH release
•Stimulates LH release
•Makes uterus lining grow again after menstruation

Question 4

What is progesterone?

Answer 4

•Secreted by empty follicle (egg sac) in ovaries
•Maintains lining of uterus during 2nd half of cycle
•Prevents FSH and LH release

Question 5

What is FSH?

Answer 5

•Follicle stimulating hormone
•Secreted by pituitary gland
•Cause egg to mature in ovaries, first part of cycle
•Stimulates ovaries to produce oestrogen

Question 6

What is LH?

Answer 6

•Lutenising hormone
•Secreted by pituitary gland
•Stimulates egg release from ovary

Question 7

Where is oestrogen found ?

Answer 7

Ovaries

Question 8

What is oestrogen?

Answer 8

Main female sex hormone

Question 9

What is testosterone?

Answer 9

Main male sex hormone, stimulates sperm production

Question 10

Where is testosterone made?

Answer 10

Testes

Question 11

What does puberty cause sex hormones to do?

Answer 11

Cause secondary sexual characteristics to develop (oestrogen, testosterone)

Question 12

What are the secondary sexual characteristics that develop?

Answer 12

•Oestrogen
•Testosterone

Question 13

Define homeostasis?

Answer 13

The regulation of internal conditions of a cell or organism in response to internal/external changes

Question 14

What is the regulation of internal conditions in response to internal/external changes called?

Answer 14

Homeostasis

Question 15

Examole of what does homeostasis control?

Answer 15

-Blood glucose
-Body temp
-Water and ion levels

Question 16

Examples of what control systems homeostasis controls?

Answer 16

-Responses using nerves
-Chemical responses using hormones

Question 17

Where is LH and FSH secreted?

Answer 17

By pituitary gland

Question 18

Where is oestrogen secreted?

Answer 18

Ovaries

Question 19

Where is progesterone secreted?

Answer 19

By empty follicle (egg sac) in ovaries

Question 20

What is negative feedback?

Answer 20

Important type of control, responds when conditions change from ideal, returns conditions back to ideal, continuous cycle

Question 21

What is the name given to the system that changes conditions back to ideal when conditions aren’t ideal?

Answer 21

Negative feedback

Question 22

What controls/monitors blood glucose concentration?

Answer 22

Pancreas

Question 23

What does the pancreas control/monitor in terms of blood?

Answer 23

Blood glucose concentration

Question 24

What is the CNS?

Answer 24

Centeral nervous system

Question 25

Information passes from receptors to .... and they coordinate response of .... ?

Answer 25

-The CNS or brain or spinal cord -Effectors like muscle or glands

Question 26

What is the nervous system?

Answer 26

Allows humans to react to their surroundings and coordinate their behaviour

Question 27

What happens to ammonia as toxic?

Answer 27

Immediately converted to urea and sent to kidneys for safe excretion

Question 28

What do effectors do?

Answer 28

Bring about responses that restore optimum levels

Question 29

How do muscles (effectors) bring about change?

Answer 29

Contract

Question 30

How do glands (effectors) bring about change?

Answer 30

Secrete hormones

Question 31

What are the 3 control systems?

Answer 31

-Receptors -Coordination centers -Effectors

Question 32

Example of a receptor?

Answer 32

Cells

Question 33

Example of coordination centres?

Answer 33

Brain, spinal cord, pancreas

Question 34

Examples of effectors?

Answer 34

Muscles or glands

Question 35

What happens when blood concentration is too high?

Answer 35

-Pancreas releases insulin -Insulin causes glucose to move from body into cells

Question 36

When blood sugar concentration is too high insulin moves into fat and muscles cells for what?

Answer 36

So they can use glucose for energy or store as glycogen

Question 37

When blood concentration is too high what do liver and muscle cells do with excess glucose?

Answer 37

Convert into glycogen for storage

Question 38

What happens when blood glucose concentration is too low?

Answer 38

-Pancreas releases glucagon -Glucagon causes glycogen to be converted into glucose+released into blood

Question 39

When the blood glucose concentration the body acts, what is this called?

Answer 39

Negative feedback

Question 40

When is glucagon used?

Answer 40

When blood glucose is too low

Question 41

3 steps the body produces urine?

Answer 41

1)Filter blood 2)Selective reabsorption (glucose, ions, water) 3)Urea, excess water and ions left to form urine

Question 42

Where does the process of urine happen?

Answer 42

In millions of small tubes in thr kidneys called tubules

Question 43

What are hormones?

Answer 43

Chemical messengers

Question 44

What part of the body carries hormones?

Answer 44

Blood

Question 45

IVF disadvantages?

Answer 45

-Emotionally and physically stressful -Success rates aren't high -Lead to multiple birthd, risk to mother and babies

Question 46

What are reflex actions?

Answer 46

Automatic and rapid, don't ivlive conscious part of brain

Question 47

Why are reflex actions rapid and automatic?

Answer 47

Protect body from danger

Question 48

Nervous system compared to endocrine system?

Answer 48

●Nervous system:electrical impulse, fast acting, effects very quick ●Endocrine system:chemical messenger, slow acting, effects last longer

Question 49

Describe type 2 diabetes?

Answer 49

-Caused by body cells no longer responding to insulin -Obesity a risk factor

Question 50

How us type 2 diabetes treated?

Answer 50

Carbohydrates controlled diet and regular exercise

Question 51

Describe type 1 diabetes?

Answer 51

-Caused by pancreas failing to produce enough insulin -Results in uncontrolled high blood glucose levels

Question 52

Hoe is type 1 diabetes treated?

Answer 52

With insulin injections

Question 53

What is selective reabsorption?

Answer 53

Process of active transport (low to high) that reabsorbs useful molecules back into blood from kidney tubules

Question 54

What does the digestion of protein result in?

Answer 54

Excess amino acids

Question 55

What are the 4 hormones involved in a woman's menstrual cycle?

Answer 55

☆FSH ☆Oestrogen ☆LH ☆Progesterone

Question 56

Where is the pituitary gland located?

Answer 56

In the brain

Question 57

What is the pituitary gland?

Answer 57

•Master gland •Secretes hormones in response to a change in body conditions

Question 58

What can hormones do that are secreted by the pituitary gland?

Answer 58

Can act on other glands to stimulate other hormones to be released to bring about effects

Question 59

What is the master gland?

Answer 59

The pituitary gland

Question 60

5 steps of reflex actions?

Answer 60

1)pain stimulus detected,receptors 2)impulse from receptors pass along sensory neurone to CNS 3)impulse passes through a realm nuerone 4)motor neurone carries impulse to effector 5)effector responds

Question 61

What is the endocrine system?

Answer 61

Glands which secrete hormones directly into bloodstream

Question 62

What is thr endocrine system made up of?

Answer 62

Glands

Question 63

Where is thyroxine produced?

Answer 63

By thyroid gland

Question 64

What is thyroxine?

Answer 64

-Increases metabolic rate -Controls growth+development in young animals

Question 65

How is thyroxine controlled?

Answer 65

By negative feedback

Question 66

What does the thyroid gland produce?

Answer 66

Thyroxine

Question 67

Where adrenaline produced?

Answer 67

Adrenal glands

Question 68

What do the adrenal glands secrete?

Answer 68

Adrenaline

Question 69

What does adrenaline do?

Answer 69

•Preps body for flight or fight •Increases heart rate so delivery of glucose+oxygen increases to the brain and muscles

Question 70

If blood concentration changed what happens to body cells?

Answer 70

They loose or gain too much water by osmosis

Question 71

What part of the body regulates balance of water and ions?

Answer 71

Kidneys

Question 72

Whst do the kidneys regulate?

Answer 72

Balance of water and ions

Question 73

What do the kidneys excrete?

Answer 73

Urea

Question 74

What is urea?

Answer 74

Waste product, produced by liver from breakdown of proteins and contains nitrogen

Question 75

How is urea produced?

Answer 75

From breakdown of proteins

Question 76

What is kidney dialysis?

Answer 76

Takes over role of kidneys, used to remove waste products from blood, 3x a week

Question 77

What happens when blood water level is too high/salt concentration too low in terms of ADH?

Answer 77

-Detected by pituitary gland -Less ADH released -Less water reabsorbed from tubules

Question 78

What does Less water reabsorbed from tubules mean in terms of urine?

Answer 78

Large amount of dilute urine

Question 79

What happens when blood water level is too low/salt concentration too high in terms of ADH?

Answer 79

-Detected by pituitary gland -More ADH released -More water reabsorbed from tubules

Question 80

What happens when more water is absorbed from tubules in terms of urine?

Answer 80

Small amount of concentrated urine

Question 81

Role of ADH?

Answer 81

Regulates water balance in body

Question 82

What happens to excess amino acids in the liver (due to digestion of proteins from food)?

Answer 82

Amino acids converted into ammonia (deamination)

Question 83

What is deamination?

Answer 83

Breakdown of excess amino acids in liver

Question 84

How do neurones communicate?

Answer 84

Via synapses

Question 85

Why do nuerones communicate via synapses ?

Answer 85

Nuerones arent directly connected to each other

Question 86

What is synapses?

Answer 86

Gaps between nuerones

Question 87

What's involved in the endocrine system?

Answer 87

○Pituitary gland ○Thyroid gland ○Adrenal gland ○Pancreas ○Prostate ○Ovaries

Question 88

Screen colour change and how student detects it?

Answer 88

1) stimulus (light) detected by receptors in eye

Question 89

Screen colour changes, how students nervous system responds?

Answer 89

2)Impulse generated, sensory nurone carry impulse to CNS 3)Impulse passes through spinal cord (refex action) 4)Relay neurones in CNS transmit impulse to motor neurones

Question 90

Screen colour changes, how does student react?

Answer 90

5) Motor neurones carry impulse to muscle, response 6) Response is automatic + rapid

Question 91

Purpose of thickening uterus lining?

Answer 91

Allow embryo implantation

Question 92

Hormone involved in thickening of uterus lining?

Answer 92

Oestrogen