Horizons

Question 0

The Four Processes

Answer 0

Losses, additions, transformations, and translocations

Question 1

The Five Factors of Soil Formation

Answer 1

Parent material, climate, time, organisms, and slope

Question 2

Transport of parent materials by water is called…

Answer 2

alluvium

Question 3

Transport of parent materials by gravity is called…

Answer 3

coluvium

Question 4

Transport of parent materials by lake beds drying up is called…

Answer 4

lacustrine

Question 5

Transport of parent materials by wind is called…

Answer 5

aeolian

Question 6

Transport of parent materials by ocean is called…

Answer 6

marine

Question 7

Transport of parent materials by retreating glaciers is called…

Answer 7

glacial till

Question 8

Transport of parent materials by glaciers melting is called…

Answer 8

glacial outwash

Question 9

Alluvium is found…

Answer 9

in floodplains and terraces

Question 10

Colluvium is found…

Answer 10

at footslopes

Question 11

Lacustrine is found…

Answer 11

in dried-up lake beds

Question 12

Aeolian is found…

Answer 12

in windblown deposits or dunes

Question 13

Marine is found…

Answer 13

in exposed ocean deposits

Question 14

Glacial till is found…

Answer 14

in broad glacial plains

Question 15

Glacial outwash is found….

Answer 15

in areas within glaciated areas

Question 16

Alluvium is identifiable by being…

Answer 16

sandy/silty with no B

Question 17

Colluvium is identifiable by…

Answer 17

being similar to soils uphill

Question 18

Lacustrine is identifiable by…

Answer 18

silty/clayey

Question 19

Aeolian is identifiable by…

Answer 19

sandy or silty

Question 20

Marine is identifiable by…

Answer 20

mixed sands and clays

Question 21

Glacial till is identifiable by…

Answer 21

mixed sandy/silty

Question 22

Glacial outwash is identifiable by…

Answer 22

sand/gravel deposits

Question 23

Highly decomposed litter forms the ___ horizon.

Answer 23

Oa

Question 24

Partially decomposed litter (usually with fungi about) forms the ___ horizon.

Answer 24

Oe

Question 25

Slightly decomposed litter that is still identifiable forms the ___ horizon.

Answer 25

Oi

Question 26

Dark soils with an abrupt boundary high in the profile forms the ___ horizon.

Answer 26

Ap

Question 27

Dark soils deeper in the horizon than normal forms the ___ horizon.

Answer 27

Ab

Question 28

A horizons are dark due to

Answer 28

humus content

Question 29

Eluvium forms the ___ horizon.

Answer 29

E

Question 30

Illuvial humus with blocky structure and a high Fe content forms the ___ horizon.

Answer 30

Bh

Question 31

Illuvial clay, usually called "clay films", with a blocky structure and high Fe content forms the ___ horizon.

Answer 31

Bt

Question 32

Illuvial Fe present in clay with a blocky structure forms the ___ horizon.

Answer 32

Bw

Question 33

A blocky structure of Fe that has been gleyed (has a chroma of 2 or less) forms the ___ horizon.

Answer 33

Bg

Question 34

Visible rock in the bottom layer of soil forms the ___ horizon.

Answer 34

Cr

Question 35

Gleyed soils with a massive structure forms the ___ horizon.

Answer 35

Cg

Question 36

The solum consists of horizons...

Answer 36

A, E, and B

Question 37

The regolith consists of the horizons...

Answer 37

A, E, B, and C

Question 38

Saprolite is ________ and occurs in the __ horizon.

Answer 38

weathered parent material; C

Question 39

A thick and dark A with a Munsell value of 2 or less and a high amount of basic cations (Ca, Mg, and K)

Answer 39

Mollic

Question 40

Deep and dark A that is more acidic

Answer 40

Umbric

Question 41

Peat and muck A horizons, more resembling an O

Answer 41

Histic

Question 42

Light-colored or shallow A horizons

Answer 42

Ochric

Question 43

B horizon with a blocky structure, illuvial Fe, but no illuvial clay.

Answer 43

Cambic

Question 44

B horizon with illuvial clay and typically has high Fe content. Has a well-developed blocky structure

Answer 44

Spodic

Question 45

B horizon with lots of illuvial clay and Fe; very thick, and typically only found in the tropics

Answer 45

Oxic

Question 46

Ochric or umbric over argillic - mature soils without much leeching yet

Answer 46

Alfisol

Question 47

Desert soils; soluble salts in solum

Answer 47

Aridisol

Question 48

Volcanic ash parent material

Answer 48

Andisols

Question 49

Ochric or umbric A over C with no B; extremely young soils

Answer 49

Entisols

Question 50

Cold climates with permafrost

Answer 50

Gelisols

Question 51

Ochric or umbric over Bw - still pretty young

Answer 51

Inceptisols