hormonal communication Flashcards
(26 cards)
what does the endocrine system do?
regulates body activities in order to regulate homeostasis
what are hormones?
proteins that are chemical messengers which travel by blood
what are exocrine glands and give example?
glands that secrete substances into ducts e.g. salivary glands secrete saliva into your mouth
what are endocrine glands?
a group of cells that excrete chemicals into the blood stream
what are target cells?
cells that have receptors embedded in the plasma membrane that are a complementary shape to a specific hormone
- only these cells will respond to that hormone and undergo a response
what soluble are steroid hormones?
lipid soluble
where can steroid hormones pass through?
phospholipid plasma membrane
what do steroid hormones bind to and where?
bind to steroid hormone receptors in the cytoplasm or nucleus forming a hormone receptor complex
what does the hormone receptor complex act as?
a transcription factor, either facilitating or inhibiting the transcription of a specific gene
are non-steroid hormones hydrophobic or hydrophyllic?
hydrophyllic
where can non-steroid hormones not pass directly through?
cell surface membranes or target cells
what does binding of non-steroid hormones trigger?
a cascade reaction mediated by chemicals called secondary messengers
what hormones to the adrenal glands produce?
hormones that help regulate your metabolism, immune system, blood pressure, response to stress and other essential functions
where is the adrenal cortex and what hormones does it produce?
found in the outer region of the adrenal gland and produces essential hormones such as cortisol and aldosterone
where is the adrenal medulla and what hormones does it produce?
found in the inner region of the adrenal gland and produces non essential hormones such as adrenaline
what type of signal is involved in the hormonal system?
chemical messengers
what type of signal is involved in the nervous system?
nervous impulses
what is the speed of the transmission in the hormonal system?
slow
what is the speed of the transmission in the nervous system?
rapid
where is the target for the hormonal system?
cells in specific organs
where is the target of the nervous system?
specific parts of the body
what is the response of the hormonal system?
slow, long lasting
what is the response of the nervous system?
slow, short lived
what is the effect of the hormonal system?
may be permanent and irreversible
