Hormonal Control In The Menstrual Cycle

Question 1

How many hormones are involved in the menstrual cycle?

Answer 1

Four

Question 2

Describe how the hormones work together in the menstrual cycle
(2)

Answer 2

Each hormone causes the production of the hormone following it

Each hormone inhibits the preceding hormone

Question 3

Name the four hormones of the menstrual cycle.

Answer 3

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Oestrogen

Luteinising hormone (LH)

Progesterone

Question 4

What does FSH stand for?

Answer 4

Follicle-stimulating hormone

Question 5

What does LH stand for?

Answer 5

Luteinising hormone

Question 6

What is the site of production of FSH?

Answer 6

Produced by the pituitary gland

Question 7

What is the time of production of FSH in the menstrual cycle?

Answer 7

It is produced early in the cycle (days 1 to 5)

Question 8

What hormones used in the menstrual cycle come from the pituitary gland?
(2)

Answer 8

FSH

LH

Question 9

What hormone is produced from days 1-5?

Answer 9

FSH

Question 10

What is the function of FSH in the menstrual cycle?

Answer 10

It stimulates a few potential eggs to develop, surrounded by Graafian follicles

Question 11

FSH stimulates a few eggs to develop surrounded by Graafian follicles, how many of these usually survive?

Answer 11

Only one follicle (and egg) normally survives

Question 12

FSH sometimes used in fertility treatments?

Answer 12

Because it stimulates the ovaries to produce eggs

Question 13

What can sometimes happen during fertility treatments if FSH is used to stimulate the ovaried to produce eggs?

Answer 13

Often a number of eggs develop, resulting in multiple births

Question 14

What is secreted by the Graafian follicle?

Answer 14

Oestrogen

Question 15

Why can FSH be said to cause the production of oestrogen?

Answer 15

As FSH stimulate the production of eggs which are surrounded by Graafian follicles which secrete oestrogen

Question 16

What is the site of production of oestrogen?

Answer 16

It is produced by the Graafian follicle (in the ovary)

Question 17

What is the time of production of oestrogen in the menstrual cycle?

Answer 17

From days 5 to 14 (mainly)

Question 18

What hormone is produced from days 5 to 14?

Answer 18

Oestrogen

Question 19

What is the function of oestrogen?

2

Answer 19

It causes the endometrium to develop

It also inhibits FSH by negative feedback which ensures no further eggs develop

Question 20

How does oestrogen inhibit FSH?

Answer 20

By negative feedback

Question 21

Why is oestrogen used in the contraceptive pill?

Answer 21

Because it inhibits FSH be negative feedback which ensures no further eggs develop

Question 22

When is oestrogen production at its highest?

Answer 22

Just before day 14

Question 23

Levels of oestrogen are high just before day 14, what does this do?

Answer 23

It stimulates the release of LH

Question 24

What stimulates the release of LH?

Answer 24

High levels of oestrogen just before day 14

Question 25

What is the site of production of Luteinising hormone?

Answer 25

Pituitary gland

Question 26

What is the time of production of luteinising hormone in the menstrual cycle?

Answer 26

Day 14

Question 27

What is the function of luteinising hormone? | 2

Answer 27

It causes ovulation It then causes the remains of the Graafian follicle to develop into the corpus luteum

Question 28

What hormone is produced on day 14?

Answer 28

Luteinising hormone

Question 29

What does luteinising hormone cause the remains of the Graafian follicle to turn into?

Answer 29

The corpus luteum

Question 30

What does luteinising hormone cause to turn into the corpus luteum?

Answer 30

The remains of the corpus luteum after ovulation

Question 31

What does the corpus luteum make?

Answer 31

Progesterone

Question 32

What is the site of production of progesterone?

Answer 32

Corpus luteum (in the ovary)

Question 33

What is the time of production of progesterone in the menstrual cycle?

Answer 33

Produced from days 14 to 28

Question 34

What is the function of progesterone? | 4

Answer 34

It maintains the structure of the endometrium It inhibits by negative feedback the production of FSH which prevents further eggs from developing It inhibits LH so that further ovulation and pregnancies are prevented It prevents contractions of the uterus

Question 35

What does progesterone inhibit? | 2

Answer 35

It inhibits by negative feedback the production of FSH which prevents further eggs from developing It inhibits LH so that further ovulation and pregnancies are prevented

Question 36

What does progesterone prevent from happening?

Answer 36

It prevents contractions of the uterus

Question 37

What happens to the corpus luteum if pregnancy does not occur?

Answer 37

The corpus luteum will start to degenerate around day 22

Question 38

On what day will the corpus luteum start to degenerate if pregnancy does not occur?

Answer 38

Day 22

Question 39

What will happen on day 22 if pregnancy does not occur?

Answer 39

The corpus luteum will begin to degenerate

Question 40

What happens on day 28 if pregnancy does not occur? | 5

Answer 40

Low levels of progesterone and oestrogen produce the following effects: FSH secretion by the pituitary gland is not longer inhibited As the FSH level rises new eggs begin to develop The uterus contracts and the endometrium is shed from the body Menstruation and a new cycle have begun

Question 41

What effects are brought on by low levels of progesterone and oestrogen? (4)

Answer 41

FSH secretion by the pituitary gland is not longer inhibited As the FSH level rises new eggs begin to develop The uterus contracts and the endometrium is shed from the body Menstruation and a new cycle have begun

Question 42

What causes menstruation?

Answer 42

Low levels of both progesterone and oestrogen which causes the uterus to contract