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Hormones Flashcards

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1
Q

Two examples of cortical hypofunction

A

Addison’s Disease

Hypoaldosteronism

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2
Q

Two examples of cortical hyperfunction

A

Cushing’s Disease (Syndrome)

Hyperaldosteronism

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3
Q

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is an example of

A

Enzyme Deficiemcy

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4
Q

Where are the adrenal glands located?

A

Superior to both kidneys

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5
Q

The 3 zones of the adrenal gland are…

A

The G-zone, the F-zone, the R-zone

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6
Q

What are the two aspects of the adrenal gland?

A

Cortex and medulla

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7
Q

What type of a hormone is aldosterone?

A

Mineralcorticoid

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8
Q

Mineralocorticoids help us retain what two things?

A

Sodium

Water

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9
Q

Renin is an enzyme that converts what to what?

A

angiotensinogen to angiotensin I

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10
Q

What is the source of Renin?

A

Kidneys

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11
Q

What does ACE do?

Where is ACE found?

A

Converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II

Lungs

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12
Q

What stimulates Kidney to release renin

A

Decrease in BV/BP

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13
Q

What regulates aldosterone secretion?

A

Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System

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14
Q

The release of ADH is stimulated by

A

Angiotensin II

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15
Q

What is the main steroid of the G-Zone?

A

Aldosterone

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16
Q

What is the main regulator of the G-Zone?

A

Renin angiotensin system (RAS)

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17
Q

What is the main function of the G-Zone?

A

Blood pressure and K homeostasis

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18
Q

Main glucocorticoid

A

Cortisol

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19
Q

What are two functions of glucocorticoids?

A

Maintain BP

Maintain glucose homeostasis

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20
Q

Three major gonadocorticoids are _____.

A

DHEA-S
DHEA
Androstenedione

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21
Q

Why does cortisol lead to an increase in BP?

A

It is a vasoconstrictor..

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22
Q

This hormone promotes catabolic action of protein and fat

A

Cortisol

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23
Q

Diurnal variation and negative feedback can be overridden by

A

Cortisol

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24
Q

Mineralocorticoid of the adrenal cortex

A

Aldosterone

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25
This hormone regulates reabsorbtion in the renal tubules
Aldosterone
26
Aldosterone can lead to ________.
Hypertension
27
Increases in aldosterone can cause _______ retention
Na+ and H2O
28
Decreases in aldosterone can lead to severe _____ and ______ abnormalities
Water, elecrrolytes
29
Addison's disease is a..
Primary adrenal insufficiency
30
Demographic that Addison's disease primarily affects
All age groups, equally among genders
31
The hypothalamus uses CRH to induce the pituitary gland to release ______.
ACTH
32
When given corsyntropin normal patients will produce more
Cortisol
33
Low AM cortisol and high ACTH may indicate
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
34
Cosyntropin is user in the
ACTH stimulation test
35
High and low panic values for pH
7. 2 | 7. 6
36
Death values for pH
6. 8 | 7. 8
37
Most potent androgen
DHT
38
Major circulating androgen
Testosterone
39
What are the three major parts of the adrenal cortex?
G Zone F Zone R Zone
40
The adrenal gland is composed of _____ and _____.
Adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla
41
What syndrome is associated with the R-Zone
Androgen excess syndromr
42
Production of gonadocorticoids decreases after age _____.
30
43
In order to prevent the formation of angiotensin II a person can take _____.
An ACE Inhibitor
44
We produce only _____ of gonadocorticoids after age 70.
20%
45
Pheochromocytoma
Adrenal medulla hyperfunction
46
Osteoporosis can be promoted by _____.
Cortisol
47
Cortisol stimulates ______ of carbohydrates
Gluconeogenesis
48
In terms of leukocytes, cortisol increases _____ and decreases _____.
Increases: PMNs Decreases: Lymphs, monos, eos.
49
An important mineralocorticoid
Aldosterone
50
A patient may have a low TP due to an increase in this glucocorticoid.
Cortisol
51
This glucocorticoid can lead to immunosuppression.
Cortisol
52
The Renin-Angiotensin system regulates ____.
Aldosterone
53
Extracellular potassium and sodium regulates this mineralocorticoid.
Aldosterone
54
To a much lesser extent than other factors, _____ regulates aldosterone levels.
ACTH
55
<<6.8 or >>7.8 are _____ values of pH
Death
56
A patient is experiencing poor wound healing and ACTH levels are elevated. Which hormone may be causing this?
Cortisol
57
Sodium and water retention are promoted by _____.
Aldosterone
58
This hormone can lead to increased blood sugar.
Cortisol
59
Diurnal variation is affected by this hormone.
Cortisol
60
What stimulates the release of Renin?
Decrease in BP/BV
61
Angiotensinogen is converted to angiotensin I by _____.
Renin
62
Angiotensin II stimulates the release of _____.
ADH
63
ADH promotes the conservation of _____.
Water, to increase BV/BP
64
The thirst mechanism is stimulated by _____.
Angiotensin II
65
Cortical hypofunction decreases the levels of all _____.
Adrenal steroids
66
Hypofunction of adrenal gland can also be called _____.
Cortical hypofunction
67
Hyperfunction of adrenal gland can also be called _____.
Cortical hyperfunction
68
Cortical hyperfunction can creates an excess of this hormone.
Androgen
69
The most common cause of adrenal cortex dysfunction is _____.
Adrenal cortex damage
70
Primary hypofunction means
High tropic hormone and low target hormone
71
Primary adrenal insufficiency
Addison's disease
72
ACTH stimulation testing should be at ____ min, ____ min, _____ min.
0, 30, 60
73
Cosyntropin is used for
Adrenal insufficiency testing
74
Master gland (per lecture)
Hypothalamus
75
Three types of corticoids
Mineralo, Gluco, Gonado
76
_____ secretes TRH which stimulates _____ to release _____ which targets _____.
Hypothalamus Anterior Pituitary TSH Thyroid Gland
77
The target gland of TSH is the
Thyroid gland
78
TSH stimulates the thyroid gland to release these three hormones.
T3, T4, Calcitonin
79
_____ >> _____ >> Adrenal Cortex >> _____
CRH (Corticotropic) ACTH Adrenaline
80
GnRH >> _____ >> Ovarian follicles
FSH
81
GHRH stimulates the _____ to release _____
Anterior Pituitary | LH
82
FSH leads the ovarian follicles to release _____ and _____.
Estradiol | Progesterone
83
Two forms of Growth Hormone
GHRH and GHIH
84
PIF and PRL stimulate AP to release
Prolactin
85
_____ and _____ are needed to stimulate the mammary glands.
Oxytocin and Prolactin
86
Which hormone is self regulating?
Prolactin
87
What makes Prolactin unique?
It is inhibitory.

Clinical Chemistry (8 decks)

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