HORMONES

Question 1

rhGH somatropin

Answer 1

pituitary dwarfism
tuner's syndrome
renal failure
catabolic states
AIDS related wasting

Question 2

GH 191 aa functions

Answer 2

increase glucose
increase lipolysis
decrease glucose utilisation
increase igf1 - increase lipogenesis and glucose utilisation

Question 3

ADR GH

Answer 3

hypothyroidism
lipodystrophy
glucose intolerance
water salt retention, intracranial hypertension

Question 4

somatostatin 14 aa

Answer 4

inhibit GH, TSH and PRL, INSULIN, GLUCAGON
antisecretory
constricts gut, liver, renal vessels

Question 5

somatostatin analogues

Answer 5

octreotide - acromegaly, secretory diarrheas (adr- steatorrhoea, diarrhea, gall stones)
lanreotide
pegvisoment - peg bound mutant gh

Question 6

prolactin 199 aa

Answer 6

growth and development of breast
induce milk secretion
inhibit GnRH
act on t lymphocytes

Question 7

prolactin

Answer 7

JAK STAT activation

Question 8

Dopamine

Answer 8

inhibit lactotrope D2 receptors

Question 9

Dopamine agonists

Answer 9

bromocriptine, cabergoline

Question 10

hyperprolactenemia

Answer 10

chlorpromazine, haloperidol, metoclopramide

trh, prolactin releasing peptide, vip

Question 11

hyperprolactenemia

Answer 11

galactorrhoea amenorrhea infertility

loss of libido and depressed fertility

Question 12

bromocriptine

Answer 12

uses - hyperprolactenemia, acromegaly, Parkinson’s, DM, hepatic coma, neonatal death

 excreted in bile - half life 3-6 hours
 D2 agonist, d1 agonist, alpha adrenergic blocker
 decrease PRL, GH, Parkinson
 CTZ stimulation
 inhibit postural reflexes- hypotension 
 decrease gastric motility

Question 13

cabergoline

Answer 13

D2 agonist
half life >60 hours
uses - hyperprolactenemia, acromegaly

Question 14

glycoprotein gonadotropin

Answer 14

alpha chain 92 aa

beta chain: 111 aa fsh, 121aa lh

Question 15

LH

Answer 15

progesterone secretion

Question 16

FSH and LH RECEPTOR

Answer 16

GPCR - increase cAMP

1. gametogenesis
2. conversion cholesterol into pregnenolone

Question 17

regulation of secretion of gonadotrophin

Answer 17

secretion: gonadorelin GnRH
secreted in pulses - frequency and amplitude varies - determine fsh/lh release
follicular phase - high frequency
luteal phase - low frequency

inhibition- feedback
LH- dopamine
FSH- inhibin

Question 18

gonadotropin disturbances cause

Answer 18

delayed puberty
precocious puberty
sterility
amenorrhea
oligozoospermia
impotence
infertility
polycystic ovaries

Question 19

gonadotropins im, sc

Answer 19

menotropins
urofolitropin
hCG
recombinant folitropin
recombinant LH
rHCG

Question 20

induce ovulation

Answer 20

clomiphene

Question 21

polycystic ovaries

Answer 21

LH/FSH ratio increased

Question 22

gonadotropin use

Answer 22

amenorrhea
infertility
hypogonadotrphic hypogonadism
cryptorchidism
to aid in vitro fertilization

Question 23

hypogonadotrphic hypogonadism

Answer 23

androgen- for sexual maturation
hcg im 2-3 x a week
add fsh and lh after 3-4 months

Question 24

fsh lh dose

Answer 24

75 IU/day im

Question 25

ADR gonadotropin

Answer 25

ovarian hyperstimulation precocious puberty allegric reaction malignancies

Question 26

gonadorelin agonist - long acting but short term use

Answer 26

nasal, sc initially increase gn then - reversible pharmacological oophorectomy/orchidectomy

Question 27

nafarelin

Answer 27

GnRH agonist downregulate GnRH in 10 days use- ovarian hyperstimulation, utetine fibroids, endometriosis, central precocious puberty adverse effect- vaginal dryness, emotional liability

Question 28

goserelin

Answer 28

sc/im endogenous gn suppression before ovarian induction - 3.6 mg depot inj anterior abdominal wall 3 weeks prior endometriosis prostate cancer

Question 29

triptorelin

Answer 29

sc- infertility | im depot- prostrate cancer, endometriosis, precocious puberty, leiomyomas

Question 30

prostate cancer treatment

Answer 30

goserelin | triptorelin + androgen antagonists

Question 31

androgen antagonist

Answer 31

flutamide, biclutamide

Question 32

leuprolide

Answer 32

gn suppression | prostate cancer

Question 33

GnRH

Answer 33

sc inj low histamine releasing potential ceterorelix ganirelix

Question 34

TSH

Answer 34

stimulate all steps of thyroid hormone synthesis and release

Question 35

TSH RECEPTORS

Answer 35

GsPCR | also Gq sometimes - produce H2O2 for iodide oxidation

Question 36

TSH stimulation

Answer 36

TRH (GqPCR)

Question 37

TSH inhibition

Answer 37

dopamine somatostatin thyroid hormones

Question 38

Graves disease

Answer 38

IgG antibody stimulate TSH receptors

Question 39

ACTH 39 aa

Answer 39

endorphin, lipotropins, msh GPCR increase cAMP- INCREASE CHOLESTEROL, hyperplasia and hypertrophy of adrenal cortex function- steroidogenesis

Question 40

zona glomerulosa

Answer 40

stimulated by acth and ang ii

Question 41

ACTH

Answer 41

stimulated by- CRH (stimulated by stress, arginine vasopressin) Inhibition - negative feedback increased acth -basophil pituitary tumors - Cushing's decreased acth - hypocorticism use - diagnosis of pituitary adrenal axis