Hormones and Electrolytes Flashcards
1
Q
Angiotensin II
A
- synthesized in response to dec. BP
- causes efferent arteriole constriction
- preservation of renal function (FF) in low volume state with simultaneous Na reabsorption to maintain circulating volume
2
Q
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)
A
- secreted in response to inc. atrial pressure
- causes inc GFR and inc. Na filtration with no compensatory Na reabsorption in distal nephron
- net effect: Na loss and volume loss
3
Q
Parathyroid Hormone
A
- secreted in response to dec. plasma Ca, inc. plasma PO4, or dec. plasma 1-25 D3
- causes inc. Ca reabsorption, dec. PO4 reabsorption, and inc. 1-25 D3 production
4
Q
Aldosterone
A
- secreted in response to dec. blood volume and inc plasma K
- causes inc. Na reabsorption, K secretion, inc. H secretion
5
Q
ADH (vasopressin)
A
- secreted in response to inc. plasma osmolarity and dec. blood volume
- causes inc. number aquaporins and inc. H2O reabsorption
6
Q
Things That Shift K Out of Cell (causing hyperkalemia)
-DO LABS
A
- Digitalis (blocks Na/K ATPase)
- hyperOsmolarity
- Lysis of cells (crush injury, rhabdomyolysis, cancer)
- Acidosis
- Beta blockers
- high blood Sugar (insulin deficiency)
7
Q
Things That Shift K Into Cell (causing hypokalemia)
A
- hypo-osmolarity
- alkalosis
- beta adrenergic agnoist (inc. Na/K ATPase)
- insulin (inc. Na/K ATPase)
8
Q
Effect of High Serum K
A
- wide QRS
- peaked T waves
- arrythmias (cardiac arrest)
- muscle weakness
9
Q
Oval Fat Body Casts
A
-sign of nephrotic syndrome
10
Q
Diffuse
A
> 50% glomeruli involved
11
Q
Nephritic Syndromes
A
- acute post infectious glomerulonephritis
- rapidly progressive (crescentic) glomerulonephritis (RPGN)
- diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (DPGN)
- IgA nephropathy (berger disease)
- alport syndrome
- membranoproliferative GN
12
Q
Nephrotic Syndromes
A
- focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
- minimal change disease
- membranous nephropathy
- amyloidosis
- diabetic GN
