hormones and skin

Question 1

what are hormones

Answer 1

chemical substances produced by a gland and carried by the blood, which alter activity of one or more specific target organs

Question 2

some role of hormones are:

Answer 2

homeostasis
growth
reproduction

Question 3

what are endocrine glands

Answer 3

ductless glands that secrete hormones directly into the blood

Question 4

what secrete substances - not hormones- through a duct eg. salivary glands

Answer 4

exocrine glands

Question 5

what gland is the pancreas

Answer 5

both endocrine and exocrine (secrete insulin + glucagon and digestive enzymes)

Question 6

what are the major endocrine glands

Answer 6

Male:
pituitary gland
thyroid gland
adrenal gland
pancreas
testis

Female:
pineal gland
thyroid gland
adrenal gland
pancreas
ovary

Question 7

what is homeostasis

Answer 7

the maintenance of a constant internal environment

Question 8

what is secreted from the adrenal gland

Answer 8

adrenaline= in fight or flight situations

Question 9

what is secreted from the pancreas

Answer 9

insulin & glucagon= regulation of blood glucose levels

Question 10

what is secreted from the ovaries

Answer 10

oestrogen= development of female secondary sexual characteristics, control of menstrual cycle and pregnancy

Question 11

what is secreted from the testes

Answer 11

testosterone= development of male secondary sexual characteristics

Question 12

what is secreted from the pituitary gland

Answer 12

FSH,LH= control of menstrual cycle and pregnancy

Question 13

what are the effects of adrenalin

Answer 13

• pupil dilation
• faster and deeper breathing (more O2 supply + more CO2 removal)
• increased pulse rate (more O2 and glucose supply + more CO2 removal)
• increased blood glucose concentration (target: live, which converts stored glycogen to glucose and releases it into the blood)

Question 14

what is negative feedback

Answer 14

the system of control in which a change triggers responses that counteract the charge ie. is the level of something rises, the control systems reduce it again

Question 15

what happens if blood glucose increases

Answer 15

pancreas secretes insulin
liver takes up excess glucose and converts it to glycogen for storage
blood glucose decreases

Question 16

what happens if blood glucose decreases

Answer 16

pancreas secretes glucagon
liver converts glycogen to glucose and releases it into the blood
blood glucose increases

Question 17

what are the symptoms of diabetes

Answer 17

• high blood glucose levels
• glucose detected in urine
• thirst, frequents urination, weight loss

Question 18

what is the cause of diabetes type 1

Answer 18

results from failure to produce insulin, autoimmune disease

Question 19

what is an autoimmune disease

Answer 19

when the immune system can’t tell the difference between your own cells and foreign cells, causing the body to mistakenly attack normal cells

Question 20

what is the treatment for diabetes

Answer 20

insulin injections, regulated diet, exercise

Question 21

how does the body lose heat

Answer 21

through the skin by conduction, convection, radiation, evaporation

Question 22

how does the body gain heat

Answer 22

internally from respiration and externally from surroundings

Question 23

why is temperature control important

Answer 23

enzymatic reactions, diffusion, etc

Question 24

what do hair erector cells do

Answer 24

contracts to raise hairs

Question 25

what does the epidermis of the skin do

Answer 25

protect from UV light

Question 26

what are the three layers of skin

Answer 26

epidermis
dermis
fatty tissue

Question 27

what does your body do if you are overheating

Answer 27

vasodilation
sweating
hairs lie flat so heat can escape

Question 28

what does the body do if you are overcooling

Answer 28

vasoconstriction
shivering
hairs erect and trap air
sweating stops