Nutrition Flashcards
(32 cards)
Name some of the nutrients in plants
Carbon
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Potassium
Magnesium
What is Carbon used for in plants
-used to make glucose-starch
-also used for all other organic molecules
What is Nitrogen used for in plants
-converted in soil into ammonia and then nitrates
-used to make amino acids and nucleotides for DNA & RNA
What is Phosphorus used for in plants
-in phosphate form its used to make nucleotides
what is Potassium used for in plants
-protein production
what is Magnesium used for in plants
-used to make chlorophyll
Name examples of natural fertilizers
manure and compost
what are the pros and cons of natural fertilizers
Pros:
-no harmful chemicals are needed
-easy to produce/obtain
-cheaper
Cons:
-time consuming
-don’t know for sure the amount of nutrients/ minerals that are in them
what are the pros and cons of chemical fertilizers
Pros:
-easily accessible
-know exactly how much nutrients/ minerals are present
Cons:
-easy to overuse
-top layer gets washed away (run-off)
-run-off causes algal bloom/ eutrophication
-more expensive
what are lipids
a source of energy storage
what are triglycerides made of
fatty acids and glycerol
carbs and lipids are made up of
c, H, O
what are the types of triglycerides
A) Saturated: animal fats
B) Unsaturated:
Cis: vegetable oils
trans: fried oils
place the triglycerides in order of health
cis
saturated
trans
describe Cardiovascular disease
-saturated but especially trans fats get converted for transport into LDL (Low Density Lipoproteins)
-these are sticky and can build plagues in small blood vessels
-cis fats are converted into HDL which are not associated with causing plagues
what are minerals
non-organic ions or molecules that help enzymes or other processes
give examples of minerals
Na: nervous system
Ca: bones and muscle contraction
Mg: as coenzymes
K: nervous system
Fe: haemoglobin/ oxygen transport
H20: needed as the solvent for transport and chemical reactions in cells
what are vitamins
organic molecules usually coenzymes
work with enzymes to either activate or increase their efficiency
give examples of vitamins
Vit A: for retina function (carrots, oils)
Vit D: needs to be combined with Ca and UV light to be used in bone mineralisation (dairy products)
Vit C: associated with the immune system, healthy skin and collagen (citrus, leafy greens)
Vit Bs: important for neurological health (fish, meats like chicken)
what do nucleic acids include
DNA & RNA
obtained from eating cells
high salt diet means you will have
high blood pressure
points on Scrubby
-vitamin C deficiency
-impaired immune system
-weak/ bleeding gums
points on Rickets
-vitamin D deficiency
-bow-legged
-children’s disease
points on Spina bifida
-caused by insufficient folic acid while mother is pregnant
-spinal cord exposed in the body
