Hormones and their functions

Question 1

Growth Hormone

Answer 1

-Target: liver, adipose, bone, muscle cartilage

Function:

• stimulates growth and protein synthesis via IGF from liver
• fat metabolism
• gluconeogenesis –> glucose release from liver

Question 2

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Answer 2

• stimulates growth and development of adrenal cortex

- stimulates adrenal cortex to release hormones and catecholamines

Question 3

Prolactin

Answer 3

Milk production in the mammary glands

Question 4

Thyroid stimulating hormone

Answer 4

stimulates thyroid to make T3 and T4 (Triiodothyronine and thyroxine)

Question 5

luteinizing hormone

Answer 5

Males: stimulates interstitial cells to produce testosterone

Females: stimulates ovulation and the production of estrogen and progesterone

Question 6

follicle stimulating hormone

Answer 6

Males: stimulates (indirectly) the production of sperm in the seminiferous tubules of the testes

Females: stimulates the development of follicles and oocytes as well as the release of estrogen

Question 7

Antidiuretic hormone

Answer 7

• stimulates water retention
• decreases urine output
• maintains blood volume

Question 8

Oxytocin

Answer 8

• Stimulates uterine contractions

- stimulates release of milk from mammary glands

Question 9

calcitonin

Answer 9

Target: bone and kidney

Function:

• decrease calcium in blood
• increase osteoblast and decrease osteoclast activity
• stimulate the expulsion of more calcium in the urine

Question 10

Parathyroid hormone

Answer 10

Target: bone, kidney, and small intestine

Function:

• increases blood calcium
• activates osteoclasts
• promotes kidney tubules and small intestine absorption of calcium

Question 11

Triiodothyronine and Thyroxine

Answer 11

target: all cells

Function:

• set basal metabolic rate
• promote growth and development
• regulate body temperature

Question 12

Aldosterone

Answer 12

(mineralocorticoid)

Target: kidney

Function:

• retention of sodium ions and water to increase blood volume
• potassium and hydrogen secretion in urine
• regulates blood pressure

Question 13

Androgens

Answer 13

(androgenic steroids)

Target: Reproductive organs, brain, bone, and skeletal muscles

Function:

• can be converted to testosterone in circulation
• development of secondary sex characteristics, like pubic hair

Question 14

Cortisol

Answer 14

(glucocorticoids)

Target: liver, muscles, adipose tissue, white blood cells

Function:

• works with thyroid hormones to regulate glucose metabolism
• helps body respond to long term stress
• inhibits inflammatory response

Question 15

Catecholamines

Answer 15

(epinephrine and norepinephrine)

Target: all cells

Function:

• increase heart rate
• dilate airways
• dilate pupils
• increase metabolic rate
• vasoconstriction of blood vessels to skin, digestive, and urinary systems

Question 16

insulin

Answer 16

-Target: most cells

Function:
-decreases blood glucose levels by removing it from bloodstream and promoting glycogen formation in liver and skeletal muscle

Question 17

glucagon

Answer 17

Target: liver, muscles, adipose

Function:
-increases blood glucose by breaking down glycogen and releasing glucose into bloodstream

Question 18

Somatostatin

Answer 18

Target: alpha and beta cells of pancreatic islets

Function: inhibits glucagon and insulin secretion

Question 19

Thymosin and Thymopoietin

Answer 19

Target: T lymphocytes

Function:
-promotes T lymphocyte maturation

Question 20

Testosterone

Answer 20

Target: male reproductive organs and others

Function:
-development and maintenance of male secondary sex characteristics

Question 21

Progesterone

Answer 21

Target: Uterus and others

Function:

• Prepares body for pregnancy
• supports fetal development

Question 22

Estrogen

Answer 22

Target: female reproductive organs

Function:
-development and maintenance of female secondary sex characteristics

Question 23

Melatonin

Answer 23

Target: reticular formation of the brainstem

Function:

• Regulates the sleep/wake cycle
• promotes sleep