Hormones + Functions Flashcards
Melatonin
Target: Thalamus
Function: makes you drowsy / controls body clock
involved in photoperiodism
increases at night, decreases in day
TSH - Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
Target: Thyroid
Function: stimulates release of thyroxin
ACTH - Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
Target: Adrenal Cortex
Function: stimulates release of long term stress hormones
stimulates release of cortisol and aldosterone (adrenal cortex hormones)
hGh - Human Growth Hormone
Target: Somatic Cells
Function: promotes body growth
promotes daily repair of the body
FSH - Follicle-Stimulating Hormone
Target: Ovaries and Testes
Function:
Females - stimulates egg development in the ovaries
Males - stimulates sperm development in the testes
LH - Lutenizing Hormone
Target: Ovaries and Testes
Function:
Females - stimulates ovulation production of estrogen
Males - stimulates production of testosterone
MSH - Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone
Target: Melanocytes (Melanin=pigment)
Function: stimulates pigment production in the skin, hair & iris
PRL - Prolactin
Target: Mammary Glands
Function: stimulates and maintains milk production in mammals
Oxytocin
Target: Uterus & Mammary Glands
Function: initiates urinary contractions (cramping/labour)
stimulates milk release in mammals
occurs in pregnancy
ADH - Antidiuretic Hormone
Target: Kidney
Function: prevents water loss through the kidney
promotes reabsorption of water back into the blood
Thyroxin
Target: Somatic Cells
Function: temperature regulation (create heat), burn fuel or produce ATP, convert food into
tissue… !! homeostasis functions !!
raises metabolism
Calcitonin
Targets: Bones, Teeth & Muscles
Functions: absorbs and stores calcium from blood
- strong bones & teeth
- muscle work
- blood clotting
PTH - Parathyroid Hormone
Target: Bones & Teeth
Function: bones & teeth release calcium into the blood
Insulin
Target: Body Cells, Liver & Muscles
Function:
Body Cells - absorb glucose & store as fat (long term)
Liver & Muscles - absorb glucose & store as glycogen (short term)
+ve as you eat
Glucagon
Target: Liver and Muscles
Function: liver and muscles convert glycogen back into glucose
raises blood glucose levels
+ve until you eat
Cortisol
Target: Somatic Cells (body cells in need of repairs - joints, muscles, skin, etc)
Function: suppresses inflammation
stimulates breakdown of fats & proteins (at injury site)
releases glucose - provide stressed body w/ needed energy
increases heart rate & blood pressure
wake up hormone
Aldosterone
Target: Kidney
Function: causes retention of Na2+ in kidneys to reabsorb back into blood
-> water is retained (osmosis)
increases blood pressure
Adrenaline (epinephrine)
Target: Somatic Cells
Function: increased sympathetic response (increased heart rate & breathing rate)
-> increased heart rate & breathing rate, converts glycogen to glucose, blood clots
faster, pupils dilate, blood flow shifts to muscles, bronchioles dilate
Noradrenaline (norepinephrine)
Target: Somatic Cells
Function: focuses attention and memory
the ‘Game-Face’ hormone
increases blood pressure (restricts arteries)
accompanies adrenaline
also a neurotransmitter
Testosterone
Target: Somatic Cells
Function: responsible for MALE secondary characteristics
-> growth of pubic hair, increased muscle tone, increased facial hair, deeper voice,
sperm production & genital growth
Inhibin
Target: Hypothalamus
Function: controls sperm production
-> slows release of FSH from the APG
Estrogen
Target: Somatic Cells
Function: responsible for FEMALE secondary characteristics
-> growth of pubic hair, breast development, widened hips, increased fat storage,
menstruation (ovulation), genital growth
Progesterone
Target: Uterine Lining
Function: responsible for maintaining pregnancy
-> maintains the uterine lining necessary to support the developing fetus(es)
Relaxin
Target: Abdomen & Birth Canal
Function: active during pregnancy & labour
-> opens birth canal; allows abdomen to stretch/grow with the baby
