hormones & TDM

Question 1

hormone secreted in endocrine cell and released into interstitial space

Answer 1

paracrine

Question 2

known as the “master gland”

Answer 2

pituitary gland

Question 3

the anterior pituitary gland is positioned in what part of the skull?

Answer 3

sphenoid bone

Question 4

hormones produced by the anterior pituitary gland (6)

Answer 4

FSH
LH
ACTH
TSH
Prolactin
GH

Question 5

most abundant hormone of the anterior pituitary gland

Answer 5

growth hormone (GH)

Question 6

hormone markedly increased during deep sleep

Answer 6

somatotropin (GH)

Question 7

ADH/vasopressin is secreted by what gland

Answer 7

posterior pituitary gland

Question 8

ADH/vasopressin is produced by what gland

Answer 8

hypothalamus

Question 9

excess growth hormone in adults

Answer 9

acromegaly

Question 10

excess growth hormone in children

Answer 10

gigantism

Question 11

increased growth hormone in adults (acromegaly) can cause

Answer 11

hyperglycemia

Question 12

mineral compound found in teeth

Answer 12

hydroxyapatite (Ca phosphate)

Question 13

part of the thyroid gland that produces hormones

Answer 13

follicles

Question 14

thyroid follicles are spheres of thyroid cells surrounding a core of viscous substances called

Answer 14

colloid

Question 15

trace element important in thyroid hormone synthesis

Answer 15

iodine

Question 16

most abundant thyroid hormone

Answer 16

thyroxine (T4)

Question 17

biologically active and potent thyroid hormone

Answer 17

T3

Question 18

thyroid hormones are derived from what amino acid?

Answer 18

tyrosine

Question 19

thyroxine is present in the body in the largest amount as _

Answer 19

bound to globulin (TBG)

Question 20

comparably, T3 in the circulation is _ than T4

Answer 20

lower

Question 21

it indirectly assesses the concentration of circulating free T4

Answer 21

free thyroxine index (FT4I)

Question 22

it is used to confirm results of FT3 & FT4, or abnormalities in the relationship of total T4 & THBR test

Answer 22

TBG

Question 23

single screening test for thyroid disease

Answer 23

TSH assay

Question 24

non-isotopic method for TSH (3)

Answer 24

ELISA, CLIA, FIA

Question 25

if a screening TSH is high, which test is likely to be ordered next?

Answer 25

FT4

Question 26

test to differentiate drug induced TSH elevation and hypothyroidism

Answer 26

FT4 test

Question 27

test that quantitates the concentration of TBG

Answer 27

T3 uptake

Question 28

T3 uptake is _ proportional to T3 and T4 concentrations

Answer 28

directly

Question 29

screening test for congenital hypothyroidism

Answer 29

T4 (decreased)

Question 30

confirmatory test for congenital hypothyroidism

Answer 30

TSH (increased)

Question 31

most likely interferes with quantitation of thyroglobulin

Answer 31

anti-thyroglobulin autoantibodies

Question 32

testing for this hormone requires early morning specimen collection

Answer 32

cortisol

Question 33

specimen for ACTH determination

Answer 33

pre-chilled EDTA blood

Question 34

ACTH is highest between (what time) and lowest between (what time)

Answer 34

6AM to 8AM, 6PM to 11PM

Question 35

cortisol is highest between (what time) and lowest between (what time)

Answer 35

8AM to 10AM, 10PM to 12MN

Question 36

increased cortisol, decreased ACTH

Answer 36

Cushing's syndrome

Question 37

increased cortisol, increased ACTH (due to pituitary tumor)

Answer 37

Cushing's disease

Question 38

oral salt loading test is a confirmatory for _

Answer 38

Conn's disease

Question 39

increased catecholamines is seen in _

Answer 39

pheochromocytoma

Question 40

major metabolite of catecholamines

Answer 40

vanillylmandelic acid (VMA)

Question 41

metabolite of dopamine

Answer 41

homovanillic acid (HVA)

Question 42

specimen(s) for catecholamine measurements

Answer 42

24-hour urine, (plasma)

Question 43

type of hormones produced by the gonads

Answer 43

steroid hormones

Question 44

results in male and female infertility

Answer 44

hypogonadism

Question 45

it prepares the endometrium for embryo (blastocyst) implantation, and maintains it throughout pregnancy

Answer 45

progesterone

Question 46

most potent estrogen

Answer 46

estradiol

Question 47

most potent androgen

Answer 47

dihydrotestosterone > testosterone

Question 48

estrogen found in both men and women

Answer 48

estradiol

Question 49

estradiol is mainly produced by what gland

Answer 49

ovaries

Question 50

a female born with XX chromosomes develops genitals that appear male; this is a characteristic of?

Answer 50

congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)

Question 51

hormone that inhibits gastric emptying, stimulating pancreatic secretions & gallbladder contractions

Answer 51

cholecystokinin (CCK)

Question 52

drug metabolite factors (10)

Answer 52

absorption circulation distribution metabolites clearance age drug medium gastric pH liver & kidney functions

Question 53

trough concentrations for most drugs are drawn _

Answer 53

right before the next dose

Question 54

peak concentrations are drawn _

Answer 54

1hr after an orally administered dose

Question 55

anticoagulant suitable for therapeutic drug monitoring

Answer 55

heparin

Question 56

anti-tussive opiate

Answer 56

codeine

Question 57

most prominent benzodiazepine (minor tranquilizer)

Answer 57

valium

Question 58

most commonly used assay for aspirin determination

Answer 58

Trinder reaction

Question 59

_, at doses routinely used to treat bipolar affective disorder, may cause hyper_

Answer 59

lithium, hypercalcemia

Question 60

drug of choice for controlling petit mal seizures

Answer 60

Ethosuximide

Question 61

not a natural opiate

Answer 61

Pentazocine

Question 62

most sensitive organ to alcohol ingestion is _

Answer 62

liver

Question 63

how is alcohol formed?

Answer 63

fermentation of sugars

Question 64

for of alcohol not suitable for consumption

Answer 64

methanol > isopropyl alcohol

Question 65

which is not alcoholic

Answer 65

root beer

Question 66

reporting of absence of analyte for drug of abuse

Answer 66

negative

Question 67

a marijuana user may still test positive for THC even after (how many days) of last use

Answer 67

45 days

Question 68

lead poisoning may be acquired through (3)

Answer 68

ingestion inhalation skin contact

Question 69

reference range for blood lead

Answer 69

<3.5 ug/dL

Question 70

carbon monoxide concentration is measured in what unit?

Answer 70

ppm (parts per million)

Question 71

form of mercury that is considered an environment pollutant

Answer 71

organic mercury