Horrible Histories Pt1 Flashcards

Question

Reasons for forster education act

Answer 1

1867 reform act- increed need for education of working lass -gladstone’;s belief of ‘’equality and options’ -economy booms, gov had more money to spend -pressures from campaigners eg. Joe chamberlian -rapid pop growh- voluntary system coudlnt cope -britain behind russia and northern states usa Who had better education- great economic and military sucess

Answer 2

1874 -reduce working day 10.5 to 10 h -age employment 8 to 10 Full employment 13 to 14 -gov inspectorates introduced

Answer 3

1875 Contract for both employer and employee who could breach Boosting position of worker

Answer 4

Copying lib

Answer 5

Conspiracy and protection of property act 1875

Answer 6

stopped in 1876 -gesturs Wanted to be voted again, do minimum, had promised to ‘elevate the condition of the poeople’ -cutting taxes So less money on reform Wanted to appease middle class Cut from 3d to 2d -justification Working with context of laissez-faire Claimed permissive legislation ue to ‘characterisation fo a free people’ -not interested Left with richard cross- home secretary Sime laws already thought up by liberal party Employers and workemnt act -foreign policy priority Focus on eastern q

Answer 7

1880 -made education compulsory for 5-10 (primary -no. Children- recieving an education doubled 1.5 to 3 mill 1870-1880

Answer 8

Local ssocations grew each constituency- pool and cheep beer Appeal working classes eg. Working class Romise to ‘elevation of the condition of the poeple’ 1872 crystal palace speech

Answer 9

Preservation of the establishment Anglican church, aristocracy, monarchy Create an alliance between aristocracy and working classes hwilst maintaiing class structure Defend and even expand empire Compete w/ usa and russia and germany Gladstone had ‘attempt’ pf libelism to effect the disintergration of the empire’

Answer 10

1890 introduced inspectorates before permissive

Answer 11

Yes although employers and workmens act 1875 Education Health Working conditions

Answer 12

Licencing act controvesial- temperance movement non confromist not far enough, many workers felt unfair as private clubs open Disraeli public health act- consolidated exiting laws ensure met with inspectorate Artisans dwelling act 1875- enabled la clear slums and build new homes- joseph camberslian in brimingham- only used 10/87 Disraeli not behind ideology richard cross— disrali home sec, disreali more interested im foriegn policy Rivers pollution act littel affect- not committed

Answer 13

1906- Allowed local authorities to provide free school meals Meant children would eat atleast one decent meal per day 1914- 14 mill meals had been served- most served Better teachers pay- based on performance in 3rs

Answer 14

1908 Children givenm special status as protected persons Parents could be prosecuted for neglect Made illegal to insure a childs life- as before parents would kill children for pay outs from insurance company Set up special courts to deal with child crime and special homes/borstals- house youth offenders so not sent to adult prisons

Answer 15

Had little to do with causes of jeuvanile criminal activity- poverty Neglect as a crime was subjective

Answer 16

1908 Person over 70 with no other income would recieve state pension- 5t shillings Non contributory- dont need to pay in before Directly funded from gov not from rates 650,000 collected pensions Reduced the workhouse usage and the reliance on charities and family

Answer 17

V expensive Inadequate level of money given- as many had not saved during working livbes Had to live 20y in britian- didnt apply to everyone Many didnt have birth certificate to claim and show how old they were Could be excluded if not worked hard enough

Answer 18

1909 Gov set up labour exchanges Workers could sign up to register when unemployed tyo find availablel work 1913- labour exchanges were putting 3,000 people int owork every day

Answer 19

Not compulsory for employers to register vacancies

Answer 20

1911- health Provided compulsory helath insurance for workers earning under 160 pounds/year If ill- employers payed for 13 weeks- llimited time Employee, employer ans state contributed money to the scheme

Answer 21

After 25 weeks absence form work, benefits were stopped No provision was made for workers families- for breadwinner only Many objected to compulsory payments they had to make- mafde them worse off Only certain trades Often not enough money

Answer 22

1911- unemploymenyt Insured worker losing their job- would recieve 7 shillings/week for 15 weeks Recieved from wmployee, employer and state Trades involved shipbuilding and mechanical engineers for example

Answer 23

Britains early start Declining demand aborad Low wages Supply side factors Small family run firms

Answer 24

More factories established Better paid jobs available for urban workers

Answer 25

Family size drceease 1861-669- av 6.166 children down to 4.13 in 1890-99 18800-1991 middle class reduce children by 30^%, working class by 66% Able to purchase soap and chocolate Diet improve- canned meat and corned beef- imported More lower classes aftford meat before mostly bread Holidays to brighton by train- middle class Education 1870 and 1880 act meant children less financial asset 1906 free school meals Old age pensions and national insurance

Answer 26

Stopping back to back houses Individual toilet per houshhold- by laws, stipulations- improve public health

Answer 27

Emigration from rural to urban areas- halved from 15 to7.5% 1871 to 19001 rural ddepression

Answer 28

Unemployment steady Married women employed very poorly paid- sweated insury Booth saw irregularity of work- miliner turned to prostitution in the slack season- morality tested 18709 and 1886- unemployment reached 10%

Answer 29

Foreign competition Lack of demand Agriculture But relative decline and worrying signs future Loa- no

Answer 30

New industry set up Lever brothers0- soap, boots chemist, cadbury Invisable exports- visable balance of trade- loan, insurance, shipping and transproting Long term implications0- Funding industrialisation

Answer 31

Sailsbury gov- major concern- set up royal commission to invest in depression of industry and trade 1886 Agricultural prices fall since 1873 and demand trend continue Sfall in prices due to grain iports usa- opening up priaries Lack of profitability meant many agricultural workers leaving to cities for find work 1871-1901 decrease 15%^ to 7.5%

Answer 32

Increase real wages av worker 60^% higher in 1900 than in 1860 18730-966 fall 30-40% price levels00- increasing standards of living Exports from increased coal production- 19000-1913 223 mill toonnes to 287m Inrease export machinery- long term implications 60% world merchant ships built in britain

Answer 33

1900 184 1906 400mps

Answer 34

1900 1.8% 2mps 1906 5.9% 30mps

Answer 35

non conformists Chamberlain ‘Active instead of merely passive opponents’

Answer 36

1900-1902 9/10 by elections won by conservatives After failed

Answer 37

4mill 1906 600,000 had vote

Answer 38

40% narrow chested stunted growth

Answer 39

Dangerfield ‘The strange death of liberal england’ 19335 Argued liberals couldnt handle agitation by ty, suffragettes and diff groups in ireland Died ‘from disillusion over the inefficacy of the word ‘reform’’

Answer 40

Rjected danngeerfields view-wilson- ‘the downfall of the liebral party 1914-35’ Tu, labour, suffragettes- symptoms of illness But ‘involved in an encounter w a rampant omnibus (ww1)’ ‘never to rise again’

Answer 41

Lemieux- 19965 Iin 1914- ‘cannot. Be gven a clean billl of health; many worrying signs were there’ Worst of unon militancy over Suffragettes attracted publically but not threat Hol tamed b6y parliament act

Answer 42

Ideological closeness of labour to liberals ‘tsole the labour party clothes’0- new ‘social democratic’ appeal Labour managed to influence iwth workmens compensation act Acts regarding school meals and medical inspections but input limited to mnor amndments 12 by-elections 1910-1914- failed to win ovver, lost 3 to liberals Osborune judgement 1909- couldnt be dunded by tu- lost 8 seats n by elections and in 2 1910 elections

Answer 43

Came 3rd in contest with lib and con- relied on lib lab pact- no recognisable politicians Even lacked in mining regions- between lib and lab most vote lib

Answer 44

Local councils- gained more each year up to 1914 91 councils in 19066 and 171 in 1913 Local support in lancasihre and yorkshire- 90 constituencies with working class majority

Answer 45

Tu movement ncrease 2.660-4.1 mil 1910-14, 1.66mill union members affiliated to labour Socilaist hstorians eg, pelling claim problems created by unon vilence show liberals out of sympathy wth working class- so demand labour Mfgb affiliated- coal mining comm many now could vote Under 1913 ty act- unions which wanted to raise funds for political partes hold ballot on this - overall members vote almsoot 300k to 125- win for

Answer 46

Reversed taff vale judgement No cas eboughht against a union for damages caused by strike action and making peaceful picketing legal

Answer 47

Tu couldnt fund political parties Lab mps not afford to take seats without funding by strong tu

Answer 48

Reverse osbourne judgement- tu had to bote to fund

Answer 49

Economy thriving and unemployment low- workers could agree to better wages Tu members increase to 4 mill- more powerful Russian rev 19065- class warfare, fighting against dictatorship, inspired chage Trade disputes act- strike without fear of picketing ‘Sympathy strikes’ frequently employed- triple alliance of railwaymen, miners and transport worker foormed to give mutual sipport during strike action

Answer 50

National insurance act 1911- health uneemployment Miners given min wage Lloyed george from wales- understood more about ordinary poeple No rev- sundicalism didnst catch on

Answer 51

Moderate threat Heavy handedness Legislation Secuirty of gov

Answer 52

At first many newspapers support- daily male- ‘no class have ever got the vote except at the risk of something like revolution’ Suffragettes convinced that violence helped the cause- ‘the arguemnnt of the broken pane of glass is the nmost valueable arguemnt in modern politcis’ pankhurst 1911 Presented as heros retrospectively- sufragette movement developed nto a tremendous force’- boyd

Answer 53

Damage causeed annoyance- ‘unwomanly tactics like heckling and pestering politicians’ ‘had alienated the more cautious sympathetics’- atkinson- historian ‘Nothng could indicate more plainly their lack of fitness to be entrusted with the exercise of political power’ mroning post 1912- hight of window breakiing campaign ‘Havent the suffragettes the sense to see that the worst way’ ‘is to’ ‘intimidate a man into giving them what he would gladly give otherwise- lloyd george 1912

Answer 54

Tactics sucessful Public opinoin Lib sucess/actions Loa- whilst threat removed by 1914, did damage ‘liberal’ reputation

Answer 55

Incrase suffragette militancy after 1910 signo f their desperation rather than sucess Butler mlitant suffragettes ‘over reached’ themselves, raised fears of what may happen if women were gievn the vote

Answer 56

L1913 saw emily davidson die at derby Arson attempt on post bozes, houses of politicains such as lloyd george

Answer 57

Pankhurst forced to flee country and contnue campaign from france Defeat in 1923 of labour politican- lansbury by unionist anti-suffragette Bow and brimley by election, stood on pro-suffragette ticket suggests not supported

Answer 58

Force feeding of female politicaal prisoners who attempt hunger strikes destroy reputation of gov Treatment of sufrfagettes often burtal and harsh- infamous cat and mouse act Surely liberals active supporters of campaigns- political reform, mass of ndividuuals , attain injustifces

Answer 59

By 1914- lib weathered storm of suffragette campagn Most con eg. Lord curzon opposed women suffrage, illusion liberals not on a limb n terms of their stance and hd backing of parliament as a whole‘

Answer 60

Lab discredited in their refusal to grant women the vote before 1912 Leading lb feared concilliation billls gave rise to new breed of future con voters- gov backed out of conciliation bill 1912 as suffragette villnece increased

Answer 61

Wom 3/4 ge Dvisions within liberla party Middle class support Attitudes towards imperialism Improved conservative party organisation

Answer 62

Sailsbury limited no of reforms- better than liberals Liberals became a one issue party- hr- little appeal to working middle classes Abolish schhool fees 1891- free education act Election leaflet listed What the conservatives have done for the british people’ 1897- workmens compensation act 1902 education act 1888 creation of frst county councils

Answer 63

The housng of the working class 1890 Extention of working class dwelling act 1885 Some authorty to local authorties to purchase slum areas and buld better quality housing General imporvement in quality houses- running water and outsider toilet, less overcrowding according to census

Answer 64

Public health act 1891 Allowed nusnacnes to be removed which cause diseases- foul sewage, driet, dangerous buildings Overcroding limited- Qualifications needed public health oofficials

Answer 65

1887 1892 Gave labourers plot of land to make own living

Answer 66

Public libraries act 1892- con pre gldstone Loca lbodies set up public libraries Meaning widespread free acess to newspapers, reading materieal- many families could not afford Increased literacy rates

Answer 67

Established state responsibiility for secondary education 140 local education authorty- could gaurentee new s schools Robert morant came up with this

Answer 68

Local gov act 1888 New county councls London own country Raise rates, maintain roads

Answer 69

18665 Skilled workers of carpenter, shoemakers, miners- inspired by ase Pressure political change- long term case 18667 reform act

Answer 70

1868 United- more power- only sklled workers Harder to fire as skilled- use as bargaining chip

Answer 71

1888 Match girls- east london Poor condtions and deangerous- dip sticks into yellow phosphorous- wear away jaw Reemployed after strikes, paid more and meals sepreate place to phopsohrous- improve safety

Answer 72

1889 Achieved 8hr day Metropolitan gas company quickly agreed

Answer 73

Precedent anti picketing 1896

Answer 74

Economic changes Spread of socialism Failure of new model unions Gov legislation

Answer 75

1893- independant labour party formed- independant not with liebrals 1892- hardie elected mp- indpendant labour candidate for west ham 1893- conference at bradford- kier hardie, other trade unions, socialist leaders Ilp not socialist , aim ‘to secure the collective’ 1900- labour rep comm formed- meet memory hall, farringdon st, london, hardie ilp ‘A distinct labour group in palirament, who shall have their own whips, and agree upon their policies’ 19066- 29 labour mps elected

Answer 76

Sdf and fabien society first attempted organised groups to promote the socilaist ideal- part of ilo- followed teaching sof marx and engels Newspaper ‘jdustice’ printed sdf views- popilar london and lancashire- compulsory education, more can read, more skilled workers Fabien society aimed to promote peacfful, gradial change leading to socialiism Ilp reflects aim of soiiclaism trhough commitment to ‘secure the collective and communial ownership of all the means of production, distribution and exchange’ clause 4- commitment to public ownership at heart ilp, until 1997- permenant plegde labour party

Answer 77

Labour party called ‘labour’ rather than ‘socialist’ didnt want ot seem ike trying to overthrow Membership of sdf never more than 12,000 ‘Its real legacy was preparng the way for a communist party of great britian’ pearce abd stewart Fabiens prefernece for ‘permeation’ of other institutions rather than forming a political party of their own

Answer 78

Ernest bevin ‘labour party was born out of the bowels of the tuc’- tuc skilled labourers not socialism 1884- sdf and fabien society- membership 2000 whislt tu 75k Demand for poltical rep from inside unions greater than that of socialist groups Tu adopt prgamatic apporach- 8hr day and more welfare refomrs Trade unions present at bradford conference- ilp formation Socialist and tu worked together- new unionist leaders- will thorne and be tillet00-member sdf Both ty movement and socialist societies coop to form ilp Once ilp formed, sdf and fabiens refused to affiliatee Dees financed to support mps libing

Answer 79

Winston churchill to lib

Answer 80

Tariff reform Chinese slavery Education act 19002 Taff vale judgement Gladstone- macdonald pact Campbell-bannerman lib leader Electoral system boer war revelations

Answer 81

Increase income tax on rich- supertax on income over 5k, only affecting about 10k peple Decrease iincome tax on those with children Increase estate duty and other death duties Start land valuation- if sell pay 20% of profits made on land0- selling price-bought prce Increase tax on alcohol and tobacoo- spirits tax increase 35% Increase cost of pub licences

Answer 82

Edward 7th said 2 elections 1st for budget to be passed 2nd to create liberal peers- asquith wanted 400-500‘

Answer 83

Budget passed- increase income from tax Eager to pas future legislation- hr Gave mps saleries- more middle class and working class Parliament act passed Still held power by 1910 Lib increased support esp working class Could afford welfare

Answer 84

Didnst pack lords with liberal peers Still not democratic lords Lost majority- irish nationals helf balance of power Labour better chance Seen as socialist to lords and wealthy

Answer 85

Political econ social

Answer 86

Rise of socialism- lib saw reform as way of fighting socialism, labour threat- policies pensions, education, unemployment benefits, small party 19066-29 seats Political rvalry- lib main threat con party- started to introduce some of own reforms in 1905, libs hoped could establish themselves as part of working classes, Churchill- had seen leading conservative, switched after 1906 to liberals- claimed impressed of porgramme of reform, influenced by research of booth and rowntre Critics argue didnt want to be part of opp

Answer 87

Industrial decline- from 1870, britain status as world leading industrial power challenged usa and germany, 1900 overtaken Germany introduced welfare reofmrs0- accident ta work scheme- rapid development linked to healthier better more educatied and efficient workforce

Answer 88

Charles booth Studied poor of london 25% lived in poverty, 85% of these poor due to unemployment and low wages- not their fault Social reasons lib gov passed social reform Boer war 1899-1902, britain at war to defend its territory in sa Half of recruits who volunteered found unfit ffor service due to ill health, stunted growth and small chested Gov set up comm on phsyical deterioration to invstigatee this- recomemendations influenced liberal programme of reform Rowntree 1901 published ‘poverty: a study of town life’ Poverty generally not result of alziness or careless with moeny York 27^% lived below poverty line Argued gov shold introduce measures to protect v young, old, ill and unemployed

Answer 89

Cannadine Not flexible as little alternative to reform, did to save position 1884 1885 as with disraeli reofmrs- palace is safe if the cottage is hapy Demise of aristocracy through continuing rural depop and urbanisation shift away form landed genrty Mjddle classs dominatinb as urban based industries taking power Church- non confomrists middle class saw themselves as morally superior to anglicans

Answer 90

J. Hammond 1938 Gladstone and irish nation -genuine u=interest in what he saw as legitimate irish grievences -hr ‘only concievable long-term solution to the irish questoin’. ‘Conversion through conviction’ -‘forced’ to convert through ‘acts of parnell’

Answer 91

Steel Eg support itlain unification And published pamphlet on question of teh eat advocate for gowth of independent baltic states from ottoman empire

Answer 92

Cooke and vincent Dish the whigs

Answer 93

Forster reigned as irish chief secretary as not told Invincibles made responsible for pp New coercive act passed

Answer 94

1870 isaac butt foudned home rule association 73 home rule league became political party Supported by catholic church, fenians 1874 ge- 60 irish mps claimed to support movenement -butt unable to convince disraeli that hr a priority- more moderate 18760 fenians withdrew support- new leader needed- parnell More confrontational

Answer 95

Formed inl Kilmainham treaty ‘Crowned king’ of ireland- pubic support Listened to in parliament0 protestant and aristocrat- filibuster Catholic church- increase support and education Distanced himself from davitt- too extremist and violent

Answer 96

Political reform- 3rd reform act and secret ballot act- allowed Potato famine- fenians Agricultural demise- increase in evictions Land act failure 1870-1881 Inl balance of power 1888- pressure liberals to support hr

Answer 97

1881 Grant 3fs Set up land courts- fair rents Over next 4y- rents decrease by 25%

Answer 98

1880 10,000 (5x as in 1877

Horrible Histories Pt1 Flashcards

(126 cards)