Horse GIT Flashcards by natasha hart

innervation of the oesophagus?

vagus nerve
glosso-pharyngeal nerve

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what predisposes horses to impaction (choke)

Oesophagus lumen narrows at the thoracic inlet and oesophageal hiatus of the diaphragm

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average length of oesophagus

1.5m

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what type of stomach has a horse got?

simple composite stomach

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why is a horses stomach known as simple?

has glandular and non-glandular regions

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capacity of horse stomach

5-15L

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which side of the abdomen does the stomach mainly lie in?

left

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Non-glandular and glandular regions separated by visible raised line called what?

margo plicatus

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Non-glandular and glandular regions separated by visible raised line called what?

margo plicatus

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what are the 3 sections of the horse stomach?

succus caeucus
fundis
pyloric

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what is known as the succus caecus?

first region food enters after oesophagus

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what cells line the non-glandular region of the stomach?

stratified squamous epithelium

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which region of the stomach does the oesophagus enter?

non-glandular

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what cells line the glandular region of the stomach?

simple columnar epithelium

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where is pyloric sphincter in the stomach located?

where pylorus meets duodenum

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why can’t horses vomit?

strong cardiac sphincter

describe the Fundic gland region of the stomach

gastric pits
presence of surface mucous cells
simple columnar epithelium

Name the parts of the small intestine of the horse

Duodenum
Jejunum
Illeum

describe the duodenum?

ingesta from the stomach passes into the duodenum, it is a short section that sits in the right side of the stomach and is suspended from the dorsal body wall by the mesentery

describe the jejunum

associated with mesentery. It is very long and coiled

describe the jejunum

associated with mesentery. It is very long and coiled

describe the ileum

lack of villi on the mucosa. It is the terminal portion of the small intestine.

what are the 4 layers of the small intestine from outer to inner layer?

serosa
smooth muscle
submucosa
mucosa

which is the longest part of the small intestine?

jejunum

which is the thickest part of the small intestine?

ileum

name the parts of the large intestine

caecum colon rectum

what are the portions of the colon?

ascending transverse descending

what is known as bands/taenia?

longitudinal smooth muscle cords on the caecum and segments of the colon.

Are their bands/taenia in the small intestine?

what are sacculations/haustra?

series of pouches in the caecum and ventral colon formed by the segments of taenia

list the order in which the large intestine goes

Caecum (body, apex, base) Ascending colon: RVC sternal flexure LVC pelvic flexure LDC diaphragmatic flexure RDC transverse colon descending colon

how many bands/teania does each part of the large intestine have?

caecum - 4 RVC- 4 sternal flexure- 4 LVC- 1 Pelvic flexure- 1 LDC- 1 Diaphragmatic flexure-3 RDC- 3 transverse colon- 2 descending colon- 2

right side of the horse

- caecum - RVC - RDC

left side of horse

- most of small intestine is on left dorsal side - LVC - LDC

Possible sites for obstruction in a horse?

- pe;vic flexure - transverse colon - descending colon - caecum

topographical location of the stomach

in the cranial part of the abdominal cavity - left of median plane