Horse Husbandry (H 1-6)

Question 1

Is there structured hierarchy within a herd of horses?

Answer 1

NO

Question 2

These are the 2 most common working equids as they are less affected by drought

Answer 2

donkeys and mules

Question 3

this horse sport combines the disciplines of dressage, show jumping, and jumping fencing

Answer 3

eventing

Question 4

this breed of horse is often used for endurance riding

Answer 4

Arab breed

Question 5

this is a team event where the objective is to score goals against the opposing team using a large mallot to strike the ball while riding a horse

Answer 5

Polo

Question 6

this describes an animals behaviors under natural conditions

Answer 6

ethology

Question 7

these behaviors can develop in a horse as a way to cope with stress, they are highly repetitive in nature and lack apparent purpose; (ex: windcuking, cribbing, weaving, box-walking, abnormal tongue behaviors)

Answer 7

abnormal repetitive behaviors (ABRs) / stereotypical behaviors

Question 8

where are the 2 blind spots of a horse?

Answer 8

directly behind the horse & to front of forehead

Question 9

horses may be deficient in seeing these two colors, but able to perceive this color

Answer 9

red/green, blue

Question 10

Do horses have a greater or lesser range of hearing than humans?

Answer 10

greater

Question 11

horses prefer these tastes

Answer 11

sweet

Question 12

horses avoid these tastes (can be found in some poisonous plants)

Answer 12

bitter

Question 13

this can be used as a form of positive reinforcement when training horses as there are many touch receptor found in the horse’s skin

Answer 13

wither scratching

Question 14

horses spend the majority of their time on this behavior

Answer 14

foraging

Question 15

this is one axis used to measure emotional state of an animal and refers to whether the animal is feeling happy or sad (affective state)

Answer 15

valence

Question 16

this is one axis used to measure emotional state of an animal and measures the level of alertness and the intensity of the emotion

Answer 16

arousal

Question 17

Horses have relatively strong or poor short term memory?

Answer 17

poor

Question 18

horses have strong or poor long term memory?

Answer 18

strong, excellent

Question 19

this type of learning in horses is when they learn to either become increasingly reactive to a stimulus (sensitisation) or increasingly unreactive to a stimulus (habituation)

Answer 19

non-associative learning

Question 20

this type of learning in horses describes the processes through which horses make associations between stimulus and outcomes (can be further divided into classical and operant conditioning)

Answer 20

associative learning

Question 21

this type of conditioning is making associations between two previously unrelated cues; increases predictability of environment for the horse

Answer 21

Classical conditioning

Question 22

this type of conditioning is making associations between a stimulus and a response; increases controllability for the horse

Answer 22

operant conditioning

Question 23

this is the addition of something pleasant after the desired behavior; makes horse more likely to repeat the behavior in the future

Answer 23

positive reinforcement

Question 24

this is the removal of an aversive stimulus after a desired behavior

Answer 24

Negative reinforcement

Question 25

this is the application of an aversive stimulus after an unwanted behavior has occurred; makes the behavior less likely to be repeated in the future

Answer 25

positive punishment

Question 26

the removal of a pleasant stimulus after an unwanted behavior has occurred

Answer 26

negative punishment

Question 27

horses are trained to lead using this type of operant conditioning (pressure is released as soon as the horse offers the desired response)

Answer 27

negative reinforcement

Question 28

horses should see an equine dentist this many times per year

Answer 28

1-2 times per year

Question 29

horses should receive a visit from the farrier this often

Answer 29

every 6-8 weeks

Question 30

water supply should be checked this often with 'grass kept' horses

Answer 30

twice daily (more in hot weather)

Question 31

the idea behind this system is to keep domestic horses in similar way to wild counterparts by triggering natural forward movement together

Answer 31

track system

Question 32

this system for keeping horses is a sustainable land management system where the horse is part of the ecosystem & promotes herd living ; consists of a surfaced area with gates/tracks leading to each field

Answer 32

equicentral system

Question 33

this is a yellow flower that is poisonous to horses; eventually leads to liver failure, lethargy, photosensitization, weight loss, etc

Answer 33

Ragwort

Question 34

this is an evergreen tree that is poisonous to horses; contains toxic alkaloids which cause acute cardiac arrest

Answer 34

Yew tree

Question 35

this is a tree that contains tannins that can be highly toxic to horses; can cause severe GIT and kidney damage

Answer 35

oak tree

Question 36

this is a tree that can cause atypical myopathy in horses; seeds contain hypoglycin A, affects horses ability to stand and muscles for breathing

Answer 36

sycamore tree

Question 37

what is the average weight of a full grown Shetland pony?

Answer 37

200-350 kg

Question 38

what is the average weight of a full grown Draft (Shire/Clydesdale) horse?

Answer 38

850-1100 kg

Question 39

this is the most accurate method of weighing a horse

Answer 39

calibrated weigh bridge

Question 40

this should form the basis of all rations since it is the most logical and economical approach for feeding horses

Answer 40

forages

Question 41

this is the principle forage in the UK for horses, but is typically poor quality

Answer 41

grass hay

Question 42

these are used as a supplement to forage to meet high energy requirements of many competition horses, but often overshadows forage contribution

Answer 42

cereal grains

Question 43

this is often present in large amounts in cereal grains & can elicit onset of gastric ulceration, hind-gut acidosis, laminitis, and colic

Answer 43

starch

Question 44

maintenance protein requirements are measured in this; it is calculated using body weight

Answer 44

Crude Protein (CP)

Question 45

what is the gestation period for horses?

Answer 45

11 months

Question 46

during late pregnancy, the intake can be reduced to 1.5% bodyweight but this requirement increases

Answer 46

nutrient requirement

Question 47

the foal is naturally weaned at this age, but more often in commercial breeding at this age

Answer 47

12 months, 4-6 months

Question 48

this type of work is described as hacking or general leisure riding or the beginnings of a training program

Answer 48

light work

Question 49

this type of work may be described as a novice or intermediate eventing horse or a grade A show jumper or a medium level dressage horse

Answer 49

moderate work

Question 50

this type of work might include horses doing 3 day eventing or an endurance horse fit enough for 70-100 mile rides

Answer 50

heavy work

Question 51

racehorses are classified as doing this kind of work

Answer 51

very heavy work

Question 52

this is the minimum requirement of dry matter forage according for horses per 100kg bodyweight

Answer 52

1 kg forage per 100 kg body weight

Question 53

this is the recommended forage to concentrate ratio for a light work horse

Answer 53

100:0 to 80:20

Question 54

this is the recommended forage to concentrate ratio for a moderate work horse

Answer 54

70:30 to 60:40

Question 55

this is the recommended forage to concentrate ratio for a heavy work horse

Answer 55

50:50

Question 56

what does soaking hay accomplish?

Answer 56

removing nutrients

Question 57

what are the 3 most common cereal grains fed to horses?

Answer 57

oats, barley, and maize

Question 58

cereals grains are grown for their seeds and 40-80% of the dry matter is this

Answer 58

starch (high carbohydrates)

Question 59

do cereal grains have high or low quality protein?

Answer 59

low quality protein

Question 60

this is the most common root by-product fed to horses; the residue after extraction of sucrose; high fiber digestibility

Answer 60

sugar-beet pulp

Question 61

What information does a horse Passport contain? (5)

Answer 61

record ownership, microchip number/sketch, record breeding, record vaccinations, record medications

Question 62

under what height must an equid be to be considered a pony?

Answer 62

14.2 hands

Question 63

above what height is the animal considered a horse?

Answer 63

14.2 hands

Question 64

this color horse will have a black tail and mane and tan/brown body (and black lower legs)

Answer 64

Bay

Question 65

this color of horse will have the whole coat brown and no defined color line between body coat color and leg color

Answer 65

brown

Question 66

this color of horse will have a reddish/yellow brown coat color; mane and tail is usually the same color

Answer 66

chestnut

Question 67

this color horse will have mosaic black and white hairs and black skin (around muzzle and eye)

Answer 67

grey

Question 68

this color horse will have a coat color like a gold coin with white/flaxen mane and tail

Answer 68

palomino

Question 69

this color horse will have black skin and may have a black line down back, may have bars on legs, mane and tail are black

Answer 69

dun

Question 70

this type of painted coat of a horse has large, irregular patches of white and any other color (not only black and white)

Answer 70

skewbald

Question 71

this type of painted coat of a horse has large irregular patches of black and white (no other colors)

Answer 71

piebald

Question 72

this color horse has unpigmented skin, minimal pigment in iris (pink/blue appearance)

Answer 72

cream

Question 72

this color horse has unpigmented skin, minimal pigment in iris (pink/blue appearance)

Answer 72

cream

Question 73

on a horse passport, use this color pen to note white markings

Answer 73

red pen

Question 74

on a hore passport, use this color pen for everything (including narrative) except white markings

Answer 74

black pen

Question 75

these markings on a horse are formed by changes of direction of hair flow, indicated by a small St. Andrews cross x

Answer 75

whorls

Question 76

this type of whorl on a horse is when two opposing sweeps of hair meet along a line

Answer 76

linear

Question 77

this type of whorl on a horse is when hair from different directions rise to a crest

Answer 77

crested

Question 78

this type of whorl on a horse is when hairs diverge along a line to form a feathered pattern

Answer 78

feathered

Question 79

this type of whorl on a horse is when two opposing sweeps of hair diverge along an irregular curving line

Answer 79

sinuous

Question 80

this word refers to a white mark on the forehead of the horse

Answer 80

star

Question 81

this word refers to a narrow white marking down the bridge of a horse nose

Answer 81

stripe

Question 82

this word refers to a white patch covering almost the whole forehead between the eyes of a horse and extending beyond the width of the bridge of the nose

Answer 82

blaze

Question 83

this word refers to an isolated white marking situated near the nostrils of a horse

Answer 83

snip

Question 84

this category of horse breeds include Shire/Clydesdale; roman nose, deep jaw, large kind eye, wide muzzle

Answer 84

draft breeds

Question 85

this category of horse breeds have broad head and small neat ears - jaw not as broad as in the draft horses

Answer 85

cob type

Question 86

this category of horse breeds have long fine pointed ears (sometimes almost touching at the top), dished nose, small muzzle, fine jaw

Answer 86

Arab

Question 87

what is the equation for horse body weight (kg) using heart girth (cm) and length (cm)?

Answer 87

(girth x length) / 11877