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EPSY 321 > HORT 201 - CUMULATIVE > Flashcards

HORT 201 - CUMULATIVE Flashcards

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1
Q

_____ is the area of horticulture that concerns the production of flowering and foliage plants?

A

floriculture

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2
Q

Which of the following is a tissue found in the ground tissue system?

A

Cortex

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3
Q

Which cell type has tough, hard, lignified secondary cell walls?

A

Sclerenchyma

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4
Q

The cell wall primarily is composed of a matrix of fibers of polysaccharides called _____.

A

Cellulose

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5
Q

Where is oil stored in cells?

A

Elaioplast

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6
Q

Proteins are synthesized on the surface of which of the following organelles?

A

Ribosome

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7
Q

The membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm of the cell is called the _____.

A

Plasmalemma

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8
Q

Which of the following would you find a plant cell, but not in an animal cell?

A

Plastid

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9
Q

The “metabolic workers” that catalyze all biochemical reactions and synthesis of compounds in living cells are called _____.

A

Enzymes

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10
Q

When the A (adenine. of DNA binds to RNA in the process of DNA replication, which of the following is the proper paring?

A

A-U

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11
Q

During the process of protein synthesis, the amino acid is delivered to the ribosome by _____.

A

tRNA

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12
Q

The genetic code is the sequence of _____ in DNA.

A

Nucleic acids

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13
Q

Which meristem gives rise to the secondary xylem (e.g. wood. of stems of woody trees?

A

Vascular cambium

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14
Q

Which plant type is characterized by long, linear leaves with parallel venation, and can never be woody?

A

Monocot

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15
Q

The part of the stem that occurs between the nodes is called _____.

A

Internode

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16
Q

Vascular bundles contain ____ and ____.

A

Xylem and phloem

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17
Q

In a woody dicot stem in secondary growth, where would you find the periderm?

A

As the outer protective layer of the stem

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18
Q

In a root in primary growth, what ring of cells is surrounded by a Casparian strip and regulates absorption by the root?

A

Endodermis

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19
Q

A leaf blade is connected to the stem by a stalk called the ____.

A

Petiole

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20
Q

The ____ is the part of the stem where the leaves are attached.

A

Node

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21
Q

A sycamore leaf has several major veins that diverge (branch out. in a finger-like fashion) from the union of the petiole and leaf blade. This is called _____ venation.

A

Palmate

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22
Q

A _____ compound leaf has leaflets that arise in a feather-like manner along both sides of a rachis

A

Pinnately

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23
Q

_____ are pores in the leaf for absorption of carbon dioxide and gas exchange

A

Stoma

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24
Q

The _____ is the swollen base of the pistil of the flower, and contains the ovule and egg

A

Ovary

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25
Holly berries come from flowers that contain a pistil, petals, and sepals, therefore the flower is ____.
imperfect and incomplete
26
A _____ is an individual flattened, sack-like membrane inside chloroplasts that comprise the grana
Thylakoid
27
Plastids that contain chlorophyll are called _____.
Chloroplast
28
When a water molecule splits in the process of photosynthesis which of the following is produced?
all are produced. electron, hydrogen, and oxygen.
29
Which reaction of photosynthesis contains the electron transport chain?
light reaction
30
Which reaction of photosynthesis produces oxygen as a by-product?
light reaction
31
Where does the light reaction of photosynthesis occur?
Grana of chloroplast
32
During photosynthesis, what is the name of the compound that absorbs light?
Chlorophyll
33
When does the light reaction of photosynthesis occur?
Only during the light
34
Which reaction of photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide?
Dark reaction
35
What is the primary source of metabolic energy for the dark reaction?
ATP
36
Which region of a dicot lead is specialized for photosynthesis
Palisade parenchyma
37
Which plants close their stomata during the day?
CAM plants only
38
Where do CAM plants get their name?
CAM stands for Crassulacean Acid Metabolism
39
C4 plants are grasses and grain crops. And grains are major crops that "feed the world." Why are grain crops so productive and thus "feed the world"?
They have an advantage during photosynthesis because they release extra CO2 into the bundle sheath to enhance photosynthesis
40
Which lights are the worst to use indoors?
Incandescent
41
Why are plants green?
Plants reflect or transmit green light, and therefore appear green
42
Which equation is this? 6CO2 + 6H20 = ^C6H12O6 + 6O2
This is the net equation for photosynthesis
43
Which reaction of respiration occurs in the matrix or stroma of the mitochondria?
Krebs cycle
44
When does anaerobic fermentation occur?
Only when oxygen is absent
45
Which reaction of respiration uses glucose?
Glycolysis
46
When a fruit ripens, its rate of respiration ______.
Increases
47
If you increase the level of carbon dioxide around a fruit, its rate of respiration ____.
Decreases
48
One of the reasons hypobaric storage is very effective is because it removes_____, which is the hormone that triggers ripening of fruit.
Ethylene
49
It is a good idea to store fresh fruits and vegetables under zero oxygen
False
50
_____ is a type of storage where produce, such as salads, are stored in a special plastic bag containing the proper mixture of low oxygen and high carbon dioxide to decrease respiration
Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP)
51
Charles Darwin proposed that plants contain hormones when he observed _____ in plants
Phototropism
52
In practice, the naturally occurring forms of hormones usually are more effective than the synthetic forms of horticulture
True
53
The site of production of auxin is _____.
Shoot tips (emerging young leaves)
54
Which of the following is a synthetic cytokinin?
benzyl adenine (BA)
55
_____ will stimulate the formation of adventitious shoots in tissue culture
Cytokinin
56
The herbicide 2, 4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) is a(an)
Auxin
57
Which hormone stimulates cytokinesis?
Cytokinin
58
Which hormone is responsible for apical dominance in plants?
Auxin
59
Which hormone is a gas?
Ethylene
60
Biennials, such as bluebonnets, can be induced to flower with _____.
Gibberellic Acid (GA)
61
Which hormone or hormones can cause leaf abscission?
both ethylene and abscisic acid
62
Cucumber plants are monoecious, and if you spray a flowering cucumber plant with gibberellic acid, it will make more _____.
Male flowers
63
Which hormone causes stoma to close, especially during a drought?
Abscisic Acid
64
Bromeliads, such as pineapple, can be induced to flower with _____.
Ethylene
65
Ethephon is a synthetic form of _____.
Ethylene
66
_____ is a qualitative measure of the amount of heat energy present
Temperature
67
A _____ is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 pound of water 1 Farenheit
British Thermal Unit (BTU)
68
The heat of fusion of water is _____
80 cal/g
69
The greenhouse effect is responsible for warming the earth, which is due to the atmosphere trapping ____ radiation
long wavelength infrared
69
In a fan-and-pad cooling systems used in greenhouses, fans pull air across wet pads to evaporate water and cool the greenhouse. This relies on the high _____ of water.
Heat of vaporization
70
What will be the temperature of a mixture of well stirred ice and liquid water?
32 degrees Fahrenheit (0 Celsius)
71
Which form of radiation is most easily absorbed and converted into heat energy?
Infrared
72
Which climatic zone is between the Artic Circle and the North Pole, and the Antarctic Circle and the South Pole?
Arctic Climatic Zone
73
The Tropic of Cancer is the _____ latitude
23.5 degree North
74
On average, the minimum average temperature is _____
just before sunrise
75
The optimum temperature for growth of cool-season crops is _____.
65-75 F (18-24 C)
76
Which is the maximum cardinal temperature for growth of most plants?
90-96 F (32-36 C)
77
One of the major ways that high temperatures damage plants in desiccation
True
78
Which is the best way to decrease advective freeze damage?
Plant selection of cold hardy plants adapted to your zone
79
During a radiational freeze, a temperature inversion occurs, which is a ___ air mass above a ___ air mass
warm / cold
80
If the low temperature is predicted to be 26 F and the dew point is 35 F, which type of frost would you predict in the morning?
White frost
81
Tall fans in a fruit orchard can mix the air and prevent a radiational freeze
True
82
What triggers or causes quiescence?
unfavorable enviornment
83
What is the first signal that plants perceive to tell them winter is approaching?
decreasing day lengths of late summer / early fall
84
'Macintoch' apples have a 1400 hour chilling requirement. If you planted 'Macintoch' apples in College Station, which is a 600 hour zone, what would happen?
flower late and poorly, if at all
85
As you go north in the U.S., does the chilling zone get longer or shorter in hours of chilling temperatures accumulated?
longer
86
_____ is a cold treatment (32-45 F) for 4-12 weeks required to trigger or initiate flowering in biennials
Vernalization
87
Which form of energy transfer is light?
Radiation
88
Which is the cheapest and the most common instrument used to measure light intensity?
Photometer
89
______ is elongated, pale green to yellowish growth due to low light intensity or darkness
Etiolation
90
A shade plant or an acclimatized sun plant will have ____ light compensation point compared to a non-acclimatized sun plant
a lower
91
One method to acclimatize a plant for indoors is to give the plants a final period of greatly reduced light. How long does it take?
4-6 weeks
92
In the concept of the atmospheric window, which form of radiation comes through the atmosphere relatively unaffected?
Visible
93
If you shine a red light on a plant, it will cause phytochrome to be in which form?
Pfr
94
Some seeds will only germinate when exposed to certain types of light. Which type of light will cause light requiring seeds to germinate?
All will cause germination
95
A _____ exhibits its photoperiodic response when the length of night is shorter than a certain critical night length. (Think about the definition in the book but change to the night instead of day length).
long-day plant
96
Today sunrise was at 6:46 am and sunset will be at 6:27 pm. Thus, today plants will perceive a photoperiod of _____.
11 hr 41 min
97
What is the recommended method to stop a long-day plant from flowering during the summer?
Add black cloth to lengthen the night
98
What is the name of the compound that allows plants to determine whether they are in the day or the night?
Phytochrome
99
Plants use photoperiod to determine ______.
Plats use photoperiod to determine all of the above. when the sun rises and sets conditions favorable for photosynthesis depth of planting

EPSY 321 (2 decks)

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