hort crops Flashcards

1
Q

what is in the cucurbitacaea family

A

cucumbers, watermelon, squash and pumpkin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are root crop common factors

A

Deep soil preparation

most are longer-term annuals (over 120 days)

mechandised harvest for commercial growers

postharvest systems specific to each group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

give a description of kumara production factors

A

harvest swollen roots

vegetative parts are frost tender

cuttings are planted

tubers laid for cutting propagation in aug/sept

deep soil preparation is crucial - well-drained sandy loam

harvest the same as potatoes

90%of crop in Dargaville

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is ipomoea batatas

A

kumara

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is involved with kumara crop health

A

viruses are a major issue in yeild reduction

pest issues such as Aphids, hawk moth and potato psylid

Diseases: black rot soft rot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

give points of potato production establishment

A

harvest plant tubers

vegetative parts are frost tender

“seed” tubers planted

PH can affect scab incidence

Maincrop planted October - January

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what involved with potato crop health

A

potato viruses major issue - seed certification programme to maintain clean stock

pest issues: potato tuber moth, aphids, potato psyllid

diseases: early blight, powdery scab, late blight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the botanical characteristics for onion production

A

biennial (but grown commercially as an annual unless seed crop

roots very shallow

terminal inflorescence developed after vernalisation; insect-pollinated

bulb harvested - swollen scales, various shapes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

industry facts for onion

A

main exports Uk, Asia

the highest value of vegetable export

Export market quality-focused and there is potential for quality deterioration to occur on the long sea journey to UK

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

production requirements for onion

A

seeded in NZ winter- don’t sow too early

tolerant to frost.

weed control is a big issue

dry bulbs production most challenging

early spring and fresh main crop sown apr may

main crop dry bulbs sown august - sept

grown in rotation 1 year in every 3 or 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Key site factors for onion

A

good drainage

raised beds

planting material either: seeds, sets, transplants

population density can increase yield but decrease marketable year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

pest and diseases for onions

A

Pests: onion thrips, aphids, onion maggots

disease: botrytis, white rot, downy mildew

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

post-production - preharvest/ post-harvest - operations onion

A

leaf condition an indicator of the maturity and general state of the bulb

onions to be stored must mature fully before harvest

when 70-80% of leaves just above the bulb fall over in the whole crop it harvests time

tops and roots cut off by hand or mechanical means

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how are onions harested

A

bulbs lifted from soil to dry

then lifted by hand or machine into bins

aim to minimise the time crop lies on the ground to cure, exposed to the weather,

drying can be done artificially

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

market criteria for onions

A

sufficiently dry for the intended use

free from moisture-free from foreign smell or taste

stems twisted or clean cut. no longer than 4 cm

onions must be intact with outer skin included

free from frost damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

problems with storing onions and how to remedy

A

deterioration in quality due to decay and shooting

reduced by high temp curing and reduced relative humidity storage

onions best stored at 0 degrees and separately to prevent odour transfer

they can last 3 weeks post-harvest or 1-8 months at optimum temperature

17
Q

cucumber production

A

harvest fruit of the plant

produce male and female flowers

some varieties are mostly parthenogenic (no polination)

new varieties are mostly gynaecious

vigorous growers, training essential

Harvested relatively immature

18
Q

cucumber establishment

A

a strong taproot characterises the root system and may reach 1 meter deep

the root system is extensive but rather shallow

growth is in two stages 1. upright growth until 5-6 nodes stage 2. vining, side shoots begin to emerge while the main leader continues to grow. plant flops over. each flower/fruit is borne on its own stem attached to the main stem

19
Q

describe the flower and fruits of cucumbers

A

different flower types male, female, hermaphrodite

flowers require pollination via bees

some plants only produce female flowers and need a pollinizer but are very productive

20
Q

how does pollination work for cucumbers

A

each cucumber flower is open only one day.

10-20 visits per flower is needed

bees should be brought in at 20% flower burst

not to early or too late

pollination in gynoecious female flowercrops are blended with monoecious seed at a ratio of 88%- 12%

21
Q

requirements for growth of cucumbers

A

high temperature, humidity, and light intensity and with an uninterrupted supply of nutrients.

need frequent pruning of main stem and laterals.

too much fruit can result in the plant being exhausted, abort fruit

cucumbers are sensitive to unfavourable conditions and slight stress affects their growth and production

air temp is the main environmental component larger the variation the better 19-20 night 20-22 day temp

22
Q

cucumber health problems

A

damping-off of seedlings

black root rot

powdery mildew

fruit: scab, botrytis

23
Q

lettuce production requirements

A

nutrient demand high especially nitrogen

key plant health issues with lettuce aphid ( biggest problem), big vein disease in cool climates

warm soils

free draining

usually transplants