hosa 2 Flashcards
(613 cards)
1
Q
A
2
Q
nebulizer
A
an electronic device that pumps air or oxygen through a liquid medicine to turn it into a mist that is inhaled via a face mask or mouthpiece.
3
Q
necrotizing fasciitis
A
a severe infection caused by group A strep bacteria.
4
Q
needle breast biopsy
A
a technique in which an x-ray-guided needle is used to remove small samples of tissue from the breast.
5
Q
needlestick injury
A
an accidental puncture wound caused by a used hypodermic needle, potentially transmitting an infection.
6
Q
neoplasm
A
an abnormal growth of body tissue in which the multiplication of cells is uncontrolled, abnormal, rapid, and progressive; also known as a tumor.
7
Q
nephritis
A
inflammation of the kidney or kidneys.
8
Q
nephrolith
A
a stone located in the kidney.
9
Q
nephrolithiasis
A
the presence of stones in the kidney
10
Q
nephrolysis
A
the surgical freeing of a kidney from adhesions.
11
Q
nephropathy
A
any disease of the kidney.
12
Q
nephropexy
A
the surgical fixation of nephroptosis.
13
Q
nephroptosis
A
the prolapse of a kidney into the pelvic area when the patient stands.
14
Q
nephropyosis
A
suppuration of the kidney
15
Q
nephrostomy
A
the placement of a catheter to maintain an opening between the pelvis of one or both kidneys to the exterior of the body.
16
Q
nephrotic syndrome
A
a group of conditions in which excessive amounts of protein are lost in the urine.
17
Q
neuritis
A
inflammation of a nerve accompanied by pain and sometimes loss of function.
18
Q
neurodegenerative disease
A
an umbrella term for disorders in which there is a progressive loss of the structure or functions of neurons.
19
Q
neurogenic bladder
A
a urinary problem caused by interference with the normal nerve pathways associated with urination.
20
Q
neuromuscular blocker
A
a medication that causes temporary paralysis by blocking the transmission of nerve stimuli to the muscles.
21
Q
neuromuscular therapy
A
a form of massage that uses soft-tissue manipulation focusing on applying pressure to trigger points to treat injuries and alleviate pain
22
Q
neuroplasty
A
the surgical repair of a nerve or nerves.
23
Q
neurorrhaphy
A
surgically suturing together the ends of a severed nerve.
24
Q
neurotomy
A
the surgical division or dissection of a nerve.
25
nevus
a small, dark skin growth that develops from melanocytes in the skin.
26
nitroglycerin
a vasodilator that is prescribed to prevent or relieve the pain of angina.
27
nocturia
frequent and excessive urination during the night
28
nocturnal enuresis
urinary incontinence during sleep.
29
nodule
a solid, raised skin lesion that is larger than 0.5 cm in diameter and deeper than a papule.
30
noise-induced hearing loss
nerve deafness caused by repeated exposure to extremely loud noises.
31
non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
the term used to describe all lymphomas other than Hodgkin's lymphoma
32
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
medications administered to control pain by reducing inflammation and swelling.
33
nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
describes the accumulation of fat in the liver of people who drink little or no alcohol.
34
nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
a more serious form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, consists of fatty accumulations plus liver-damaging inflammation
35
normal sperm count
20 to 120 million or more sperm per milliliter of semen.
36
nosocomial infection
a disease acquired in a hospital or clinical setting.
37
nuclear imaging
the use of radiopharmaceuticals for diagnostic purposes.
38
nuclear scan
a diagnostic procedure that uses nuclear medicine technology to gather information about the structure and function of organs or body systems.
39
nulligravida
a woman who has never been pregnant.
40
nullipara
a woman who has never borne a viable child.
41
nyctalopia
a condition in which an individual with normal daytime vision has difficulty seeing at night.
42
nystagmus
an involuntary, constant, rhythmic movement of the eyeball.
43
obesity
an excessive accumulation of fat in the body.
44
oblique fracture
a fracture that occurs at an angle across the bone
45
obsessive-compulsive disorder
a mental condition characterized by obsessions and/or compulsions.
46
occupational therapy
activities to promote recovery and rehabilitation to assist patients in performing the activities of daily living.
47
ocular prosthesis
a replacement for an eyeball that is either congenitally missing or has been surgically removed.
48
oligomenorrhea
light or infrequent menstruation in a woman with previously normal periods.
49
oligospermia
a sperm count of below 20 million/mL.
50
oliguria
scanty urination.
51
onychia
inflammation of the matrix of the nail.
52
onychocryptosis
ingrown toenail.
53
onychomycosis
a fungal infection of the nail
54
oophorectomy
the surgical removal of one or both ovaries
55
oophoritis
inflammation of an ovary.
56
open fracture
a fracture in which the bone is broken and there is an open wound in the skin
57
open-angle glaucoma
the most common form of glaucoma.
58
ophthalmoscope
an instrument used to examine the interior of the eye.
59
ophthalmoscopy
the visual examination of the fundus of the eye with ophthalmoscope.
60
opportunistic infection
caused by a pathogen that does not normally produce an illness in healthy humans.
61
oral administration
medication taken by mouth to be absorbed through the walls of the stomach or small intestine.
62
oral glucose tolerance test
a test performed most commonly to diagnose gestational diabetes.
63
oral or maxillofacial surgeon
a physician specializing in surgery of the face and jaws to correct deformities, treat diseases, and repair injuries.
64
oral rehydration therapy
treatment in which a solution of electrolytes is administered in a liquid preparation to counteract dehydration.
65
oral thrush
a type of stomatomycosis caused by the fungus Candida albicans
66
orbitotomy
a surgical incision into the orbit.
67
orchidectomy
the surgical removal of one or both testicles.
68
orchiopexy
the repair of an undescended testicle.
69
organic disorder
a disorder that produces symptoms caused by detectable physical changes in the body.
70
orthostatic hypotension
low blood pressure that occurs upon standing up.
71
orthotic
a mechanical appliance, such as a leg brace or splint, that is specially designed to control, correct, or compensate for impaired limb function.
72
ossification
the normal process of bone formation.
73
ostectomy
the surgical removal of bone.
74
osteitis
inflammation of bone.
75
osteoarthritis
the type of arthritis most commonly associated with aging.
76
osteochondroma
a benign bony projection covered with cartilage.
77
osteoclasis
the surgical fracture of a bone to correct a deformity.
78
osteomalacia
abnormal softening of bones in adults.
79
osteomyelitis
inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone
80
osteopathic manipulative therapy
mechanical spinal adjustment used in conjunction with conventional medical therapies by an osteopath.
81
osteopenia
thinner than average bone density.
82
osteophytes
also known as bone spurs.
83
osteoporosis
a marked loss of bone density and an increase in bone porosity that is frequently associated with aging.
84
osteoporotic hip fracture
a fracture of a hip weakened by osteoporosis that can occur spontaneously or as the result of a fall.
85
osteorrhaphy
surgical suturing or wiring together of bones.
86
osteosarcoma
a hard-tissue sarcoma that usually involves the upper shaft of long bones, pelvis, or knee.
87
osteotomy
the surgical cutting of a bone.
88
ostomy
a surgical procedure to create an artificial opening between an organ and the body surface.
89
otalgia
pain in the ear
90
otitis
inflammation of the ear.
91
otitis media
inflammation of the middle ear.
92
otomycosis
a fungal infection of the external auditory canal.
93
otoplasty
the surgical repair, restoration, or alteration of the pinna of the ear.
94
otopyorrhea
the flow of pus from the ear.
95
otorrhagia
bleeding from the ear.
96
otorrhea
any discharge from the ear.
97
otosclerosis
ankylosis of the bones of the middle ear resulting in a conductive hearing loss.
98
otoscope
an instrument used to visually examine the external ear canal and tympanic membrane.
99
ovarian cancer
cancer that begins within the cells of the ovaries
100
over-the-counter drug
medication that can be purchased without a written prescription.
101
overactive bladder
a condition that occurs when the muscles of the bladder contract involuntarily even though the bladder is not full.
102
overflow incontinence
continuous leaking from the bladder either because it is full or because it does not empty completely.
103
overuse injuries
injuries that occur when minor tissue injuries have not been given time to heal.
104
overuse tendinitis
inflammation of tendons caused by excessive or unusual use of a joint.
105
Paget's disease
a chronic bone disease of unknown cause, characterized by abnormal breakdown of bone tissue followed by abnormal bone formation.
106
palatoplasty
surgical repair of a cleft palate or lip.
107
palliative
a substance that eases the pain or severity of a disease but does not cure it.
108
palpation
an examination technique in which the examiner's hands are used to feel the texture, size, consistency, and location of certain body parts.
109
palpation of the breast
performed by a health professional to feel the texture, size, and consistency of the breast.
110
palpitation
a pounding or racing heart with or without irregularity in rhythm.
111
pancreatectomy
surgical removal of all or part of the pancreas.
112
pancreatitis
inflammation of the pancreas
113
pandemic
an outbreak of a disease occurring over a large geographic area, possibly worldwide.
114
panic attack
an unexpected, sudden experience of fear in the absence of danger, accompanied by physical symptoms such as shortness of breath and chest pain.
115
panic disorder
a condition characterized by having more than one panic attack, resulting in persistent fear of the attacks.
116
Pap smear
an exfoliative biopsy of the cervix.
117
papilledema
swelling and inflammation of the optic nerve at the point of entrance into the eye through the optic disk.
118
papilloma
a benign, superficial, wartlike growth on the epithelial tissue or elsewhere in the body, such as in the bladder.
119
papule
a small, raised red lesion that is less than 0.5 cm in diameter.
120
paradoxical drug reaction
the result of medical treatment that yields the exact opposite of normally expected results.
121
paralysis
the loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements in a muscle through disease or injury to its nerve supply.
122
paraplegia
paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body
123
parasite
a plant or animal that lives on or within another living organism at the expense of that organism.
124
parathyroidectomy
surgical removal of one or more of the parathyroid glands.
125
parenteral administration
the administration of medication by injection through a hypodermic syringe.
126
paresthesia
a burning or prickling sensation that is usually felt in the hands, arms, legs, or feet.
127
Parkinson's disease
a chronic, degenerative central nervous system disorder characterized by fine muscle tremors, rigidity, and a slow or shuffling gait.
128
paronychia
an infection of the skin fold around a nail.
129
partial knee replacement (PKR)
a procedure in which only part of the knee is replaced.
130
pathogen
a disease-producing microorganism.
131
pathologic fracture
occurs when a weakened bone breaks under normal strain.
132
peak flow meter
a handheld device used to measure how quickly a person with asthma can expel air.
133
pediculosis
an infestation with lice.
134
pelvic inflammatory disease
any inflammation of the female reproductive organs not associated with surgery or pregnancy.
135
pelvimetry
a radiographic study to measure the dimensions of the pelvis to determine its capacity to allow passage of the fetus through the birth canal.
136
peptic ulcers
sores that affect the mucous membranes of the digestive system.
137
percussion
a diagnostic procedure to determine the density of a body area that uses the sound produced by tapping the surface with the fingers.
138
percutaneous diskectomy
a procedure to treat a herniated intervertebral disk.
139
percutaneous nephrolithotomy
surgical removal of a kidney stone through a small incision in the back.
140
percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
a treatment procedure to open a partially blocked coronary artery by flattening the plaque deposit and stretching the lumen.
141
percutaneous vertebroplasty
treatment of osteoporosis-related compression fractures by injecting bone cement to stabilize compression fractures within the spinal column.
142
perfusion
the flow of blood through an organ.
143
pericardiocentesis
the puncture of the pericardial sac for the purpose of removing fluid
144
pericarditis
inflammation of the pericardium.
145
periodontal disease
inflammation of the tissues that surround and support the teeth.
146
periorbital edema
swelling of the tissues surrounding the eye or eyes
147
periosteotomy
an incision through the periosteum to the bone.
148
periostitis
inflammation of the periosteum.
149
peripheral arterial disease
an example of a peripheral vascular disease caused by atherosclerosis. Impaired circulation to the extremities and vital organs causes changes in the skin color and temperature, plus intermittent claudication.
150
peripheral neuropathy
a disorder of the peripheral nerves that carry information to and from the brain and spinal cord, producing pain, loss of sensation, and inability to control muscles.
151
peripheral vascular disease
disorders of blood vessels outside the heart and brain.
152
peritoneal dialysis
dialysis in which the lining of the peritoneal cavity acts as the filter to remove waste from the blood.
153
peritonitis
inflammation of the peritoneum.
154
pernicious anemia
anemia caused by a lack of a protein that helps the body absorb vitamin B12 from the gastrointestinal tract.
155
PERRLA
an abbreviation meaning Pupils are Equal, Round, Responsive to Light, and show Accommodation.
156
persistent depressive disorder
low-grade chronic depression present on a majority of days for two or more years
157
persistent vegetative state
a type of coma in which the patient exhibits alternating sleep and wake cycles; however, the individual is unconscious even when appearing to be awake
158
personality disorder
a chronic pattern of inner experience and behavior that causes serious problems with relationships and work.
159
pertussis
a contagious bacterial infection of the upper respiratory tract that is characterized by recurrent bouts of a paroxysmal cough.
160
petechiae
very small pinpoint hemorrhages less than 2 mm in diameter.
161
Peyronie's disease
a form of sexual dysfunction in which the penis is bent or curved during erection.
162
phacoemulsification
the use of ultrasonic vibration to shatter and remove the lens clouded by a cataract.
163
pharyngitis
inflammation of the pharynx.
164
phenylketonuria
a genetic disorder in which an essential digestive enzyme is missing.
165
pheochromocytoma
a benign tumor of the adrenal gland that causes the release of excess epinephrine and norepinephrine
166
phimosis
narrowing of the opening of the foreskin so that it cannot be retracted to expose the glans penis.
167
phlebitis
inflammation of a vein.
168
phlebotomy
the puncture of a vein for the purpose of drawing blood.
169
phlegm
thick mucus secreted by the tissues lining the respiratory passages.
170
phobia
a persistent irrational fear of a specific thing or situation strong enough to cause significant distress, interfere with functioning, and lead to avoidance of the thing or situation that causes this reaction.
171
photocoagulation
the use of lasers to treat some forms of wet macular degeneration by sealing leaking or damaged blood vessels.
172
photodynamic therapy
a technique used to treat damaged and precancerous skin, as well as various types of cancer
173
photophobia
excessive sensitivity to light.
174
photopsia
presence of what appear to be flashes of light.
175
physical therapy
treatment to prevent disability or to restore function through the use of exercise, heat, massage, or other techniques.
176
pigmented birthmarks
irregularities in skin color, such as moles.
177
pinealectomy
the surgical removal of the pineal gland.
178
pinealoma
a tumor of the pineal gland.
179
pituitary adenoma
a slow-growing, benign tumor of the pituitary gland that may or may not cause excess hormone secretion.
180
placebo
an inactive substance that is given for its suggestive effects.
181
placenta previa
abnormal implantation of the placenta in the lower portion of the uterus.
182
plantar fasciitis
inflammation of the plantar fascia causing foot or heel pain when walking or running.
183
plaque
a fatty deposit within the blood vessels; also a soft buildup of bacterial debris on the exterior of the teeth; also a scaly, solid, raised area of closely spaced papules on the skin.
184
plasmapheresis
the removal of whole blood from the body, separation of its cellular elements, and reinfusion of these cellular elements suspended in saline or a plasma substitute.
185
platelet count
a blood screening test that measures the number of platelets in a specified amount of blood.
186
pleural effusion
the excess accumulation of fluid in the pleural space that prevents the lung from fully expanding.
187
pleurisy
inflammation of the pleura that produces sharp chest pain with each breath.
188
pleurodynia
pain in the pleura or in the side.
189
pneumoconiosis
any fibrosis of the lung tissues caused by dust in the lungs after prolonged environmental or occupational contact.
190
pneumocystis pneumonia
the form of pneumonia caused by an opportunistic infection with the fungus Pneumocystis carinii.
191
pneumonectomy
the surgical removal of all or part of a lung.
192
pneumonia
a serious infection or inflammation of the lungs in which the alveoli and air passages fill with pus and other liquid
193
pneumorrhagia
bleeding from the lungs
194
pneumothorax
the accumulation of air in the pleural space resulting in a pressure imbalance that causes the lung to fully or partially collapse
195
poliomyelitis
a highly contagious viral infection of the brainstem and spinal cord that sometimes leads to paralysis.
196
polyarteritis
a form of vasculitis involving several medium and small arteries at the same time.
197
polycystic kidney disease
a genetic disorder characterized by the growth of numerous fluidfilled cysts in the kidneys.
198
polycystic ovary syndrome
condition caused by a hormonal imbalance in which the ovaries are enlarged by the presence of many cysts formed by incompletely developed follicles.
199
polycythemia
an abnormal increase in the number of red cells in the blood due to excess production of these cells by the bone marrow.
200
polydipsia
excessive thirst.
201
polymenorrhea
abnormally frequent menstruation.
202
polymyalgia rheumatica
a geriatric inflammatory disorder of the muscles and joints characterized by pain and stiffness.
203
polymyositis
muscle disease characterized by the simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body.
204
polyp
a mushroom-like growth from the surface of a mucous membrane.
205
polyphagia
excessive hunger.
206
polysomnography
the diagnostic measurement of physiological activity during sleep.
207
polyuria
excessive urination.
208
port-wine stain
a flat vascular birthmark made up of dilated blood capillaries.
209
positron emission tomography
an imaging technique that combines tomography with radionuclide tracers to produce enhanced images of selected body organs or areas.
210
post-traumatic stress disorder
the development of characteristic symptoms after a major traumatic event
211
prediabetes
a condition in which the blood sugar level is higher than normal but not high enough to be classified as type 2 diabetes.
212
preeclampsia
a complication of pregnancy characterized by hypertension, edema, and proteinuria.
213
pregnancy test
a diagnostic test to is determine if a woman is pregnant.
214
premature ejaculation
a condition in which the male reaches climax too soon, usually before or shortly after penetration.
215
premature infant
a neonate born before the 37th week of gestation.
216
premature menopause
a condition in which the ovaries cease functioning before age 40.
217
premenstrual dysphoric disorder
a condition associated with severe emotional and physical problems linked to the menstrual cycle.
218
premenstrual syndrome
a group of symptoms experienced by some women within the two-week period before menstruation.
219
prenatal influences
the mother's health, behavior, and the prenatal medical care she does or does not receive before delivery.
220
presbycusis
a gradual sensorineural hearing loss that occurs as the body ages.
221
presbyopia
condition of common changes in the eyes that occur with aging.
222
prescription drug
a medication that can legally be dispensed only by a pharmacist with an order from a licensed professional.
223
pressure sore
an open ulcerated wound that is caused by prolonged pressure on an area of skin.
224
priapism
a painful erection that lasts four hours or more but is not accompanied by sexual excitement.
225
primary bone cancer
a relatively rare malignant tumor that originates in a bone.
226
primigravida
a woman during her first pregnancy.
227
primipara
a woman who has borne one viable child.
228
probiotics
living microorganisms with a role in aiding digestion and protecting the body from harmful bacteria.
229
proctopexy
surgical fixation of a prolapsed rectum to an adjacent tissue or organ.
230
prolactinoma
a benign tumor of the pituitary gland that causes it to produce too much prolactin.
231
prone position
position where the patient lies face down on the abdomen.
232
prophylaxis
treatment, such as vaccination, intended to prevent a disease or stop it from spreading.
233
prostate cancer
cancer beginning in the prostate.
234
prostate-specific antigen
a diagnostic blood test that is used to screen for prostate cancer.
235
prostatectomy
surgical removal of all or part of the prostate gland.
236
prostatism
a disorder resulting from compression or obstruction of the urethra due to benign prostatic hyperplasia.
237
prostatitis
inflammation of the prostate gland.
238
prosthesis
a substitute for a diseased or missing body part.
239
proteinuria
the presence of an abnormal amount of protein in the urine.
240
prothrombin time
a blood test used to diagnose conditions associated with abnormalities of clotting time and to monitor anticoagulant therapy.
241
proton pump inhibitors
medications that decrease the amount of acid produced by the stomach.
242
pruritus vulvae
severe itching of the external female genitalia
243
psoriasis
a common skin disorder characterized by flare-ups in which red papules covered with silvery scales occur on the elbows, knees, scalp, back, or buttocks.
244
psychoanalysis
treatment based on the idea that mental disorders have underlying causes stemming from childhood and can only be overcome by gaining insight into one's feelings and patterns of behavior.
245
psychotic disorder
a condition characterized by the loss of contact with reality and deterioration of normal social functioning.
246
psychotropic drug
a drug that acts primarily on the central nervous system, where it produces temporary changes affecting the mind, emotions, and behavior.
247
ptosis
drooping of the upper eyelid that is usually due to paralysis.
248
pulmonary edema
an accumulation of fluid in the lung tissues.
249
pulmonary embolism
the sudden blockage of a pulmonary artery by foreign matter or by an embolus that has formed in the leg or pelvic region.
250
pulmonary fibrosis (
the progressive formation of scar tissue in the lung, resulting in decreased lung capacity and increased difficulty in breathing.
251
pulmonary function tests
a group of tests that measure volume and flow of air by utilizing a spirometer.
252
pulse oximeter
an external monitor that measures the oxygen saturation level in the blood.
253
purpura
the appearance of multiple purple discolorations on the skin caused by bleeding underneath the skin.
254
purulent
producing or containing pus.
255
pustule
a small, circumscribed lesion containing pus
256
pyelonephritis
inflammation of the renal pelvis and of the kidney.
257
pyelotomy
a surgical incision into the renal pelvis
258
pyoderma
any acute, inflammatory, pus-forming bacterial skin infection such as impetigo
259
pyosalpinx
an accumulation of pus in the fallopian tube.
260
pyothorax
the presence of pus in the pleural cavity between the layers of pleural membrane.
261
pyrosis
the burning sensation caused by the return of acidic stomach contents into the esophagus.
262
pyuria
the presence of pus in the urine.
263
Qi Gong
a Chinese system of movement, breathing techniques, and meditation
264
quadriplegia
paralysis of all four extremities.
265
rabies
an acute viral infection transmitted to humans by the bite or saliva of an infected animal.
266
radial keratotomy
a surgical procedure to treat myopia.
267
radiation therapy
the treatment of cancers through the use of x-rays.
268
radical hysterectomy
the surgical removal of the ovaries and fallopian tubes, the uterus and cervix, plus nearby lymph nodes.
269
radical mastectomy
the surgical removal of an entire breast and many of the surrounding tissues
270
radiculitis
inflammation of the root of a spinal nerve that causes pain and numbness radiating down the affected limb.
271
radioactive iodine treatment
oral administration of radioactive iodine to destroy thyroid cells.
272
radioactive iodine uptake test
test using radioactive iodine administered orally to measure thyroid function.
273
radiograph
the image produced by the use of radiant energy to visualize conditions such as bone fractures; also known as x-rays.
274
radiography
the use of x-radiation to visualize hard-tissue internal structures.
275
radiolucent
a substance that allows x-rays to pass through and appears black or dark gray on the resulting film.
276
radiopaque
a substance that does not allow x-rays to pass through and appears white or light gray on the resulting film.
277
radiopharmaceuticals
drugs containing radioactive materials that produce radiation.
278
rales
abnormal crackle-like lung sounds heard while breathing in.
279
range of motion testing
a diagnostic procedure to evaluate joint mobility and muscle strength.
280
Raynaud's disease
a peripheral arterial occlusive disease in which intermittent attacks are triggered by cold or stress.
281
rectal administration
the insertion of medication into the rectum as either suppositories or liquid solutions
282
rectocele
a bulging of the front wall of the rectum into the vagina.
283
recumbent
any position in which the patient is lying down.
284
red blood cell count
a blood test that is performed to determine the number of erythrocytes in the blood.
285
refraction
an examination procedure to determine an eye's refractive error so that the best corrective lenses can be prescribed.
286
refractive disorder
a focusing problem caused when the lens and cornea do not bend light so that it focuses properly on the retina.
287
regurgitation
the return of swallowed food into the mouth.
288
Reiki
a technique in which the practitioner transfers healing energy by means of visualization or gentle touch.
289
renal colic
acute pain in the kidney area that is caused by blockage during the passage of a kidney stone.
290
renal failure
the inability of one or both of the kidneys to perform their functions.
291
renal transplantation
the grafting of a donor kidney into the body to replace the recipient's failed kidneys.
292
repetitive stress disorders
a variety of muscular conditions that result from repeated motions performed in the course of normal activities.
293
respiratory failure
a condition in which the level of oxygen in the blood becomes dangerously low or the level of carbon dioxide becomes dangerously high.
294
restenosis
the condition when an artery that has been opened by angioplasty closes again
295
restless legs syndrome
a neurological disorder characterized by uncomfortable feelings in the legs, producing a strong urge to move them
296
retinal detachment
the separation of all of the lightsensitive retina from the choroid.
297
retinal tear
the separation of some of the light-sensitive retina from the choroid.
298
retinitis pigmentosa
a progressive degeneration of the retina that affects night and peripheral vision.
299
retinoids
a class of chemical compounds derived from vitamin A that are used in skin care and treatment.
300
retinopathy
any disease of the retina.
301
retinopexy
treatment to reattach the detached area in a retinal detachment.
302
retrograde ejaculation
when an orgasm results in semen flowing backward into the bladder instead of out through the penis.
303
retrograde urography
a radiograph of the urinary system taken after a contrast medium has been placed in the urethra and caused to flow upward through the urinary tract.
304
revision surgery
the replacement of a worn or failed implant.
305
Reye's syndrome
a potentially serious or deadly disorder in children that is characterized by vomiting and confusion, sometimes following a viral illness for which the child was treated with aspirin.
306
rhabdomyolysis
a syndrome that can result from muscle injury in which the death of muscle fibers releases their contents into the bloodstream.
307
rheumatoid arthritis
a chronic autoimmune disorder in which the synovial membranes, and other body tissues, are inflamed and thickened.
308
rhinitis
inflammation of the nose.
309
rhinophyma
hyperplasia of the tissues of the nose.
310
rhinorrhea
the watery flow of mucus from the nose.
311
rhonchi
a coarse, rattling sound somewhat like snoring, usually caused by secretions in the bronchial airways.
312
rhytidectomy
the surgical removal of excess skin and fat from the face to eliminate wrinkles.
313
rickets
a deficiency disease occurring in children involving defective bone growth due to vitamin D deficiency.
314
rickettsia
a small bacterium that lives in lice, fleas, ticks, and mites.
315
root canal
a procedure in which diseased or damaged pulp in the root canal is removed in order to save the tooth.
316
rosacea
a chronic condition of unknown cause that produces tiny red pimples and broken blood vessels.
317
rotator cuff tendinitis
inflammation of the tendons of the rotator cuff.
318
rubella
a viral infection characterized by a low-grade fever, swollen glands, inflamed eyes, and a fine, pink rash.
319
ruptured rotator cuff
develops when rotator cuff tendinitis is left untreated or if the overuse continues. This occurs as the irritated tendon weakens and tears.
320
ruptured spleen
a medical emergency that occurs when the covering of the spleen is torn.
321
salmonellosis
an infectious disease transmitted by feces, either through direct contact or by eating contaminated raw or undercooked food.
322
salpingectomy
surgical removal of one or both fallopian tubes.
323
salpingitis
inflammation of a fallopian tube.
324
salpingo-oophorectomy
the surgical removal of a fallopian tube and ovary.
325
sarcoma
a malignant tumor that arises from connective tissues.
326
sarcopenia
the loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that comes with aging.
327
scabies
a skin infection caused by an infestation of itch mites.
328
scales
flakes or dry patches made up of excess dead epidermal cells.
329
schizophrenia
a psychotic disorder characterized by withdrawal from reality, illogical patterns of thinking, delusions, and hallucinations
330
sciatica
inflammation of the sciatic nerve that results in pain, burning, and tingling along the course of the affected nerve.
331
scleral buckle
a silicone band or sponge used to repair a detached retina.
332
scleritis
inflammation of the sclera of the eye.
333
scleroderma
an autoimmune disorder in which the connective tissues become thickened and hardened, causing the skin to become hard and swollen.
334
sclerotherapy
treatment of spider veins by injecting a saline sclerosing solution into the vein
335
scoliosis
an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.
336
scotoma
an abnormal area of diminished vision surrounded by an area of normal vision.
337
seasonal affective disorder
a seasonal bout of depression associated with the decrease in hours of daylight during winter months.
338
seborrhea
overactivity of the sebaceous glands that results in the production of an excessive amount of sebum.
339
seborrheic dermatitis
inflammation that causes scaling and itching of the upper layers of the skin or scalp.
340
seborrheic keratosis
a benign skin growth that has a waxy or "pasted-on" look
341
secondary bone cancer
tumors that have metastasized to bones from other organs such as the breasts and lungs.
342
sedative
medication that depresses the central nervous system to produce calm and diminished responsiveness without producing sleep.
343
seizure
a sudden surge of electrical activity in the brain that affects how a person feels or acts for a short time.
344
sensorineural hearing loss
hearing loss that develops when the auditory nerve or hair cells in the inner ear are damaged.
345
sepsis
an infection that results from bacteria or other infectious organisms entering the bloodstream.
346
septoplasty
the surgical repair or alteration of parts of the nasal septum.
347
serum bilirubin test
a blood test that measures the ability of the liver to take up, process, and secrete bilirubin into the bile.
348
severe combined immunodeficiency
a condition in which abnormalities in the immune system cause an increased susceptibility to infection and failure to thrive as a result of infections.
349
sexually transmitted diseases
infections caused by either a bacteria or a virus transmitted through sexual intercourse or other genital contact.
350
shaken baby syndrome
describes the results of a child being violently shaken by someone.
351
shin splint
pain caused by the muscle tearing away from the tibia.
352
short stature
condition resulting from the failure of the bones of the limbs to grow to an appropriate length compared to the size of the head and trunk.
353
sickle cell anemia
a genetic disorder that causes abnormal hemoglobin, resulting in red blood cells that assume an abnormal sickle shape.
354
sigmoidoscopy
the endoscopic examination of the interior of the rectum, sigmoid colon, and possibly a portion of the descending colon.
355
sign
objective evidence of disease, such as a fever.
356
silicosis
the form of pneumoconiosis caused by inhaling silica dust in the lungs.
357
Sims' position
an examination position in which the patient is lying on the left side with the right knee and thigh drawn up with the left arm placed along the back.
358
single photon emission computed tomography
a type of nuclear imaging test that produces 3D computerreconstructed images showing perfusion through tissues and organs
359
singultus
myoclonus of the diaphragm that causes the characteristic hiccup sound with each spasm.
360
sinusitis
an inflammation of the sinuses.
361
skeletal muscle relaxant
administered to relax certain muscles and to relieve the stiffness, pain, and discomfort caused by strains, sprains, or other muscle injuries.
362
skin cancer
a harmful, malignant growth on the skin, which can have many causes, including repeated severe sunburns or long-term exposure to the sun.
363
skin tags
benign, small, flesh-colored or light-brown polyps that hang from the body by fine stalks.
364
sleep apnea
a potentially serious disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops during sleep for long enough periods to cause a measurable decrease in blood oxygen levels.
365
sleep deprivation
a sufficient lack of restorative sleep over a cumulative period so as to cause physical or psychiatric symptoms and affect routine performance or tasks.
366
sleep hyperhidrosis
the occurrence of hyperhidrosis during sleep.
367
slit-lamp ophthalmoscopy
a diagnostic procedure in which a narrow beam of light is focused to permit the ophthalmologist to examine the structures at the front of the eye including the cornea, iris, and lens.
368
smoke inhalation
damage to the lungs in which particles from a fire coat the alveoli and prevent normal exchange of gases.
369
SOAP note
an acronym for subjective, objective, assessment, and plan
370
social anxiety disorder
excessive fear of social situations where the person fears negative evaluation by others or embarrassing himself or herself in front of others.
371
somatic symptom disorder
characterized by physical complaints or concerns about one's body that are out of proportion to any physical findings or disease.
372
somnambulism
the condition of walking or performing some other activity without awakening.
373
spasm
a sudden, involuntary contraction of one or more muscles.
374
speculum
an instrument used to enlarge the opening of any canal or cavity to facilitate inspection of its interior.
375
sperm count
the testing of freshly ejaculated semen to determine the volume plus the number, shape, size, and motility of the sperm.
376
spermatocele
a cyst that develops in the epididymis and is filled with a milky fluid containing sperm.
377
sphygmomanometer
an instrument used to measure blood pressure.
378
spina bifida
a congenital defect that occurs during early pregnancy in which the spinal canal fails to close completely around the spinal cord.
379
spinal anesthesia
regional anesthesia produced by injecting medication into the subarachnoid space
380
spinal cord injury
paralysis resulting from damage to the spinal cord that prevents nerve impulses from being transmitted below the level of the injury.
381
spinal fusion
a technique to immobilize part of the spine by joining together two or more vertebrae.
382
spiral fracture
a fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart.
383
spirochetes
long, slender, spiral-shaped bacteria that have flexible walls and are capable of movement.
384
spirometer
a recording device that measures the amount of air inhaled or exhaled (volume) and the length of time required for each breath.
385
splenomegaly
an abnormal enlargement of the spleen.
386
splenorrhagia
bleeding from the spleen.
387
spondylolisthesis
the forward slipping movement of the body of one of the lower lumbar vertebrae on the vertebra below it.
388
spondylosis
a degenerative disorder that can cause the loss of normal spinal structure and function.
389
sprain
an injury to a joint, such as ankle, knee, or wrist, that usually involves a wrenched or torn ligament.
390
sputum
phlegm ejected through the mouth that can be examined for diagnostic purposes.
391
squamous cell carcinoma
a malignant tumor of the scaly squamous cells of the epithelium that can quickly spread to other body systems.
392
staging
the process of classifying tumors by how far the disease has progressed, the potential for its responding to therapy, and the patient's prognosis.
393
stapedectomy
the surgical removal of the top portion of the stapes bone and the insertion of a prosthetic device that conducts sound vibrations to the inner ear.
394
staphylococci
a group of about 30 species of bacteria that form irregular groups or clusters resembling grapes.
395
steatorrhea
the presence of excess fat in the stool.
396
stent
a wire-mesh tube that is implanted in a coronary artery to provide support to the arterial wall.
397
sterilization
any procedure rendering an individual (male or female) incapable of reproduction.
398
stethoscope
an instrument used to listen to sounds within the body.
399
stillbirth
the birth of a fetus that died before or during delivery.
400
stimulant
a substance that works by increasing activity in certain areas of the brain to increase concentration and wakefulness.
401
stomatitis
inflammation of the mucosa of the mouth.
402
stomatomycosis
any disease of the mouth due to a fungus
403
stone
an abnormal mineral deposit that has formed within the body
404
stool samples
specimens of feces that are examined for content and characteristics
405
strabismus
a disorder in which the eyes point in different directions or are not aligned correctly because the eye muscles are unable to focus together
406
strain
an injury to the body of a muscle or the attachment of a tendon.
407
strangulated hernia
a condition that occurs when a portion of the intestine is constricted inside the hernia and its blood supply is cut off
408
streptococci
bacteria that form a chain. Many are harmless; however, other members of this group are responsible for illnesses including strep throat.
409
stress fracture
a small crack in a bone that often develops from chronic, excessive impact
410
stress incontinence
the inability to control the voiding of urine under physical stress such as running, sneezing, laughing, or coughing.
411
stress test
the use of electrocardiography to assess cardiovascular health and function during and after stress such as exercise on a treadmill.
412
stricture
an abnormal narrowing of a bodily passage such as the esophagus resulting from scar tissue or other damage.
413
stridor
an abnormal, high-pitched, musical breathing sound caused by a blockage in the throat or larynx.
414
stupor
an unresponsive state from which a person can be aroused only briefly despite vigorous, repeated attempts.
415
subconjunctival hemorrhage
bleeding between the conjunctiva and the sclera
416
subcutaneous injection
the administration of medication by injection into the fatty layer just below the skin.
417
sublingual administration
the placement of medication under the tongue where it is allowed to dissolve slowly.
418
subluxation
the partial displacement of a bone from its joint.
419
substance abuse
the addictive use of tobacco, alcohol, medications, or illegal drugs.
420
sudden cardiac death
results when treatment of cardiac arrest is not provided within a few minutes.
421
sudden infant death syndrome
the sudden and unexplainable death of an apparently healthy sleeping infant between the ages of two and six months.
422
sunscreen
blocks the harmful ultraviolet B rays, measured in terms of the strength of the sun protection factor (SPF).
423
supplemental oxygen
administered when the patient is unable to maintain an adequate oxygen saturation level in the blood from breathing normal air.
424
suppuration
the formation or discharge of pus.
425
suprapubic catheterization
the placement of a catheter into the bladder through a small incision made through the abdominal wall just above the pubic bone.
426
supraventricular tachycardia
an episode that begins and ends abruptly during which there are very rapid and regular heartbeats that originate at or above the AV node.
427
surgical biopsy
the removal of a small piece of tissue for examination to confirm a diagnosis.
428
symptom
subjective evidence of a disease, such as pain or a headache.
429
syncope
the brief loss of consciousness caused by the decreased flow of blood to the brain.
430
syndrome
a set of signs and symptoms that occur together as part of a specific disease process.
431
syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone
overproduction of the antidiuretic hormone ADH, leading to bloating, water retention, and electrolyte imbalance.
432
synergism
the interaction of two drugs taken together that enhances the effectiveness of both
433
synovectomy
the surgical removal of a synovial membrane from a joint.
434
synovial sarcoma
a tumor of the tissues surrounding a synovial joint.
435
synovitis
inflammation of the synovial membrane that results in swelling and pain of the affected joint.
436
synthetic immunoglobulins
a post-exposure preventive measure against certain viruses including rabies and some types of hepatitis.
437
synthetic interferon
medication administered to treat multiple sclerosis, hepatitis C, and some cancers.
438
synthetic thyroid hormones
medications administered to replace lost thyroid function.
439
syphilis
a sexually transmitted disease that is caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum
440
systemic lupus erythematosus
an autoimmune disorder characterized by a red, scaly rash on the face and upper trunk that also attacks the connective tissue in other body systems.
441
tachycardia
an abnormally rapid resting heartbeat usually at a rate of more than 100 beats per minute.
442
tachypnea
an abnormally rapid rate of respiration usually of more than 20 breaths per minute.
443
talipes
any congenital deformity of the foot involving the ankle bones.
444
targeted therapy
a developing form of anti-cancer drug therapy that uses drugs or other substances to identify and attack specific cancer cells without harming normal cells.
445
tarsorrhaphy
the partial or complete suturing together of the upper and lower eyelids.
446
teletherapy
radiation therapy administered at a distance from the body that is precisely targeted with the use of three-dimensional computer imaging.
447
temporal arteritis
a form of vasculitis with abnormally large cells, that can cause headache, visual impairment, or other symptoms.
448
tendinitis
inflammation of the tendons caused by excessive or unusual use of the joint.
449
tenodesis
surgical suturing of the end of a tendon to bone.
450
tenolysis
the release of a tendon from adhesions.
451
tenorrhaphy
surgical suturing of the divided ends of a tendon.
452
tenosynovitis
inflammation of the sheath around a tendon.
453
tenotomy
a surgical incision into a tendon.
454
testicular cancer
cancer that begins in the testicles.
455
testicular self-examination
a self-help step in early detection of testicular cancer by detecting lumps, swelling, or changes in the skin of the scrotum.
456
testicular torsion
a sharp pain in the scrotum caused by twisting of the vas deferens and blood vessels leading into the testicle.
457
testitis
inflammation of one or both testicles.
458
tetanus
an acute and potentially fatal infection of the central nervous system caused by a toxin produced by the tetanus bacteria.
459
thalamotomy
a surgical incision into the thalamus.
460
thalassemia
an inherited blood disorder that causes mild or severe anemia due to reduced hemoglobin and fewer red blood cells than normal.
461
thallium stress test
performed to evaluate blood flow to the heart during exercise by injecting a small amount of thallium into the blood.
462
therapeutic ultrasound
the use of high-frequency sound waves to treat muscle injuries by generating heat deep within muscle tissue.
463
thoracentesis
the surgical puncture of the chest wall with a needle to obtain fluid from the pleural cavity.
464
thoracotomy
a surgical incision into the chest walls to open the pleural cavity for biopsy or treatment.
465
thrombocytopenia
a condition in which there is an abnormally small number of platelets circulating in the blood.
466
thrombocytosis
an abnormal increase in the number of platelets in the circulating blood.
467
thrombolytic
an abnormal increase in the number of platelets in the circulating blood.
468
thrombosis
the abnormal condition of having a thrombus.
469
thrombotic occlusion
the blocking of an artery by a thrombus.
470
thrombus
a blood clot attached to the interior wall of an artery or vein.
471
thymectomy
the surgical removal of the thymus gland.
472
thymitis
inflammation of the thymus gland.
473
thyroid carcinoma
cancer of the thyroid gland.
474
thyroid scan
a specialized nuclear scan to evaluate thyroid function.
475
thyroid storm
a relatively rare, life-threatening condition caused by exaggerated hyperthyroidism.
476
thyroid-stimulating hormone assay
a diagnostic test to measure the circulating blood level of thyroid-stimulating hormone.
477
tinea
a fungal infection that can grow on the skin, hair, or nails.
478
tinnitus
a condition of ringing, buzzing, or roaring sound in one or both ears.
479
tissue plasminogen activator
a thrombolytic administered to some patients having a heart attack or stroke to dissolve damaging blood clots.
480
tolerance
acquired unresponsiveness to a specific antigen or decline in effective response to a drug usually due to repeated use.
481
tomography
the use of x-rays or ultrasound to produce a cross-section of the body.
482
tomotherapy
combination of tomography with radiation therapy to precisely target tumors.
483
tonic-clonic seizure
a type of seizure involving the whole body
484
tonometry
the measurement of intraocular pressure.
485
tonsillectomy
the surgical removal of the tonsils.
486
tonsillitis
inflammation of the tonsils.
487
topical application
liquid or ointment rubbed into the skin on the area to be treated.
488
topical steroids
steroids used in treatment of various skin disorders and diseases.
489
torticollis
a stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side.
490
total hemoglobin test
a blood test that measures the amount of hemoglobin found in whole blood.
491
total hip replacement
surgery performed to restore a damaged hip to full function by removing the head of the femur and replacing it with a metal ball.
492
total hysterectomy
the removal of the uterus and cervix, either through the vagina or laparoscopically through the abdomen.
493
total knee replacement
surgical placement of an artificial joint during which all parts of the knee are replaced.
494
total parenteral nutrition
a specialized solution administered intravenously to patients who cannot or should not get their nutrition through eating.
495
Tourette syndrome
a complex neurological disorder characterized by involuntary tics, grunts, and compulsive utterances
496
toxoplasmosis
a parasite most commonly transmitted from animals (pets) to humans by contact with contaminated feces.
497
tracheorrhagia
bleeding from the mucous membranes of the trachea.
498
tracheostomy
the surgical creation of a stoma into the trachea in order to insert a tube to facilitate breathing.
499
tracheotomy
an emergency procedure in which an incision is made into the trachea to gain access to the airway below a blockage.
500
traction
a pulling force exerted on a limb in a distal direction in an effort to return the bone or joint to normal alignment
501
traditional Chinese medicine
a system of ancient Chinese medicinal treatments, including acupuncture, to prevent, diagnose, and treat disease.
502
transcatheter aortic valve replacement
a procedure in which the existing valve is left in place and a fully collapsible replacement valve is delivered to the valve site through a catheter.
503
transcranial magnetic stimulation
brief, powerful electromagnetic pulses to alter electrical pathways in the brain.
504
transcutaneous electronic nerve stimulation
a method of pain control by wearing a device that delivers small electrical impulses to the nerve endings through the skin.
505
transdermal
the administration of medication through the unbroken skin so that it is absorbed continuously to produce a systemic effect.
506
transesophageal echocardiography
an ultrasonic imaging technique that is performed from inside the esophagus to evaluate heart structures.
507
transfusion reaction
a serious and potentially fatal complication of a blood transfusion in which a severe immune response occurs because the patient's blood and the donated blood do not match.
508
transgender
a person whose gender identity does not match their gender at birth.
509
transient ischemic attack.
a temporary interruption in the blood supply to the brain.
510
transurethral prostatectomy
the removal of excess tissue from an enlarged prostate gland with the use of a resectoscope.
511
transverse fracture
a fracture that occurs straight across the bone.
512
trauma
wound or injury.
513
traumatic brain injury
a blow to the head or a penetrating head injury that damages the brain.
514
triage
the medical screening of patients to determine their relative priority of need and the proper place of treatment.
515
trichomoniasis
a sexually transmitted infection caused by the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis.
516
trichomycosis axillaris
superficial bacterial infection of the hair shafts in areas with extensive sweat glands such as the armpits.
517
trigeminal neuralgia
inflammation of the fifth cranial nerve characterized by sudden, intense, brief attacks of sharp pain on one side of the face.
518
trismus
any restriction to the opening of the mouth caused by trauma, surgery, or radiation associated with the treatment of oral cancer.
519
tubal ligation
a surgical procedure performed for the purpose of female sterilization.
520
tuberculin skin testing
a screening test for tuberculosis in which the skin of the arm is injected with a harmless antigen extracted from the TB bacteria.
521
tuberculosis
an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that usually attacks the lungs.
522
tumor
an abnormal growth of body tissue in which the multiplication of cells is uncontrolled, abnormal, rapid, and progressive; also known as a neoplasm
523
tympanometry
the use of air pressure in the ear canal to test for disorders of the middle ear.
524
tympanoplasty
the surgical correction of a damaged middle ear that is performed either to cure chronic inflammation or to restore function.
525
type 1 diabetes
an autoimmune insulin deficiency disorder caused by the destruction of pancreatic islet beta cells.
526
type 2 diabetes
an insulin resistance disorder in which, although insulin is being produced, the body does not use it effectively.
527
ulcer
an open lesion of the skin or mucous membrane resulting in tissue loss around the edges.
528
ulcerative colitis
a chronic condition of unknown cause in which repeated episodes of inflammation in the rectum and large intestine cause ulcers and irritation
529
ultrasonic bone density testing
a screening test for osteoporosis or other conditions that cause a loss of bone mass.
530
ultrasonography
the imaging of deep body structures by recording the echoes of sound wave pulses that are above the range of human hearing; also known as ultrasound.
531
unconscious
a state of being unaware and unable to respond to any stimuli including pain.
532
upper GI series and lower GI series
radiographic studies to examine the digestive system. A contrast medium is used to make these structures visible.
533
upper respiratory infection
a term used to describe the common cold.
534
uremia
a toxic condition in which urea and other waste products normally excreted in the urine are retained in the blood.
535
ureterectasis
the distention of a ureter.
536
ureterectomy
the surgical removal of a ureter
537
ureterolith
a stone located anywhere along the ureter.
538
ureterorrhagia
the discharge of blood from the ureter.
539
ureterorrhaphy
surgical suturing of a ureter.
540
ureteroscopy
a treatment for a stone lodged in the ureter
541
urethral catheterization
the insertion of a tube through the urethra and into the bladder.
542
urethritis
inflammation of the urethra.
543
urethroplasty
surgical repair in the walls of the urethra.
544
urethrorrhagia
bleeding from the urethra.
545
urethrorrhea
abnormal discharge from the urethra.
546
urethrostenosis
abnormal narrowing of the urethra.
547
urethrotomy
a surgical incision into the urethra.
548
urinalysis
the examination of urine to determine the presence of abnormal elements.
549
urinary catheterization
the insertion of a tube into the bladder in order to obtain a sterile specimen or drain urine.
550
urinary hesitancy
difficulty in starting a urinary stream.
551
urinary incontinence
the inability to control the voiding of urine.
552
urinary retention
the inability to completely empty the bladder when attempting to urinate.
553
urinary tract infection
an infection involving the structures of the urinary system that usually begins in the bladder.
554
urticaria
itchy wheals caused by an allergic reaction
555
uterine fibroid
a benign tumor composed of muscle and fibrous tissue that occurs in the wall of the uterus.
556
uterine prolapse
the condition in which the uterus slides from its normal position in the pelvic cavity and sags into the vagina.
557
uveitis
inflammation of the uvea causing swelling and irritation.
558
vaginal atrophy
a decrease in elasticity and lubrication of the vagina caused by hormonal changes.
559
vaginal candidiasis
a vaginal infection caused by Candida albicans.
560
vaginismus
an involuntary spasm of the pelvic floor muscles that close off the vagina
561
vaginitis
inflammation of the lining of the vagina.
562
valvular prolapse
the abnormal protrusion of a heart valve that results in the inability of the valve to close completely.
563
valvular stenosis
a condition in which there is narrowing, stiffening, thickening, or blockage of one or more valves of the heart.
564
valvulitis
an inflammation of a heart valve
565
valvuloplasty
the surgical repair or replacement of a heart valve.
566
varicella
a highly contagious infection caused by the herpesvirus Varicella zoster; also known as chickenpox.
567
varicocele
a knot of varicose veins in one side of the scrotum.
568
varicocelectomy
the removal of a portion of an enlarged vein to relieve a varicocele.
569
varicose veins
abnormally swollen veins usually occurring in the superficial veins of the legs.
570
vascular birthmarks
birthmarks caused by blood vessels close to the skin's surface.
571
vascular dementia
a form of dementia caused by a restriction of blood to the brain.
572
vasculitis
inflammation of a blood or lymph vessel.
573
vasectomy
the male sterilization procedure in which a small portion of the vas deferens is surgically removed.
574
vasoconstrictor
medication that causes blood vessels to narrow.
575
vasodilator
medication that causes blood vessels to expand.
576
vasovasostomy
a procedure performed as an attempt to restore fertility to a vasectomized male.
577
vector-borne transmission
the spread of certain disease due to the bite of a vector (insects or animals that are capable of transmitting a disease).
578
venography
a radiographic test that provides an image of specific veins after a contrast dye is injected.
579
ventilator
a mechanical device for artificial respiration that is used to replace or supplement the patient's natural breathing function.
580
ventricular fibrillation
rapid, irregular, and useless contractions of the ventricles.
581
ventricular tachycardia
a very rapid heartbeat that begins within the ventricles.
582
verrucae
small, hard skin lesions caused by the human papillomavirus.
583
vertigo
a sense of whirling, dizziness, and the loss of balance, often combined with nausea and vomiting.
584
vesicle
a small blister, less than 0.5 cm in diameter, containing watery fluid.
585
vesicoureteral reflux
the backward flow of urine into the ureters from the bladder.
586
vesicovaginal fistula
an abnormal opening between the bladder and vagina.
587
vestibular rehabilitation therapy
a form of physical therapy designed to treat a wide variety of balance disorders.
588
video-assisted thoracic surgery
the use of a thoracoscope to view the inside of the pleural cavity through very small incisions.
589
viral
pertaining to a virus
590
viral pneumonia
caused by several different types of viruses, accounts for approximately a third of all pneumonias.
591
viruses
very small infectious agents that live only by invading other cells.
592
visual acuity
the ability to distinguish object details and shape at a distance.
593
visual field testing
a diagnostic test to determine losses in peripheral vision.
594
vitiligo
a skin condition resulting from the destruction of melanocytes due to unknown causes, resulting in irregular patches of white skin.
595
vitrectomy
the removal of the vitreous humor and its replacement with a clear solution.
596
voiding cystourethrography
a diagnostic procedure in which a fluoroscope is used to examine the flow of urine from the bladder and through the urethra.
597
volvulus
twisting of the intestine on itself, causing an obstruction.
598
vulvitis
inflammation of the vulva.
599
vulvodynia
a painful syndrome of unknown cause characterized by chronic burning, pain during sexual intercourse, itching, or stinging irritation of the vulva.
600
walking pneumonia
a milder but longer-lasting form of pneumonia caused by the bacteria Mycoplasma pneumoniae
601
Weber and Rinne tests
hearing tests that use a tuning fork to distinguish between conductive and sensorineural hearing losses.
602
wedge resection
a surgery in which a small, wedgeshaped piece of cancerous lung tissue is removed, along with a margin of healthy tissue around the cancer.
603
wellness
actively working toward a state of being in good physical and mental health.
604
West Nile virus
a viral infection that causes flu-like symptoms, transmitted to humans by mosquito bites.
605
western blot test
a blood test to confirm the diagnosis of HIV.
606
wheal
a small bump that itches.
607
white blood cell count
a blood test to determine the number of leukocytes in the blood.
608
white blood cell differential
a blood test to determine what percentage of the total white blood cell count is composed of each of the five types of leukocytes.
609
Wilms tumor
a rare type of malignant tumor of the kidney that occurs in young children.
610
xeroderma
excessively dry skin.
611
xerophthalmia
drying of eye surfaces, including the conjunctiva.
612
xerostomia
the lack of adequate saliva due to diminished secretions by the salivary glands.
613
yeast
a type of fungus.
