Host Defence and Vaccination Flashcards
(14 cards)
What is humeral immunity?
Antibody mediated - B cells
What is cell mediated immunity?
T cell driven
What type of response does extracellular microbes activate?
Humoral response
What type of response does intracellular microbes/viruses activate?
Cell mediated response
What is one downside of a host immune response?
The immune response itself causing tissue damage
What is the difference between primary and secondary immune responses?
Primary - slower, first exposure
Secondary - faster, stronger, memory cell driven response
What is active immunity?
The host generate its own immune response
What is passive immunity?
Transfer of antibodies or T cells from another source
What are three examples of passive immunisation?
- Infusion of monoclonal antibodies
- Convalescent plasma
- Antisera from immunised animals
How do monoclonal antibodies protect against viral infection?
- Bind viral antigens
- Block entry
- Flag infected cells for immune destruction
What is the essential component of most vaccines?
Pathogen derived or synthetic protein antigens
What are adjuvants?
Substances added to vaccines to enhance the immune system’s response to an antigen
What is an example of a FDA approved adjuvants?
Aluminum salts
What are the four main ways adjuvants enhance immunity?
- Increase antigen immunogenicity
- Prolong immune response
- Stimulate costimulatory molecules on APCs
- Boost both humoral and cell mediated immunity
