Innate Immune Sensing Flashcards
(30 cards)
What is stratification?
When there are multiple layers of cells on top of eachother
What is the pH in the stomach?
2
What is the pH in the vagina?
4
What are tight junctions?
Specialised areas between epithelial and endothelial tissue that forms a selective semipermeable membrane
What is alpha defensins?
An antimicrobial peptide that is generally produced by specialised anti-microbial cells
What is beta defensins?
An antimicrobial peptide that is secreted by epithelial tissue
What is a defensin?
An antimicrobial peptide which are cationic (positively charged)
How do defensins work?
Bacteria commonly have negative surface charge which results in membrane disruption as the defensins are positively charged
What is the role of alpha defensins?
Clearing infections or in physiological barrier function
What is the role of beta defensins?
Is in the constitutive barrier function
What does TLR4 detect?
LPS
What detects LPS?
TLR4
What does TLR1 and TLR2 detect?
Bacterial lipopeptides
What detects Bacterial lipopeptides?
TLR1 and TLR2
What are the three general parts of TLRs?
- Leucine Rich Repeat LRR
- Transmembrane domain
- Toll interleukin 1 receptor TIR
What is the structure of LRR and why is it significant?
It is a dimer structure with the mismatch changing the ligand and signalling specificity
What TLRs use adaptor protein MyD88?
1, 2, 5 and 6
What adaptor protein do TLRs 1, 2, 5 and 6 use?
MyD88
What does MyD88 do?
Activates the transcription factor NFkB
What does NFkB do?
Induces inflammatory gene expression
What are NOD like receptors?
Are free floating PRRs
What are the four types of NOD like receptors?
NLRA, NLRB, NLRC and NLRP
What do NOD like receptors detect?
MDP which can be found on membrane of bacteria
What adaptor protein do NOD like receptors use?
RIP2
