Hostorical overview Flashcards
(35 cards)
What is Bechlem Hospital known for?
Iconic early asylum in London.
What significant event occurred in 1815 related to asylum conditions?
James Norris was chained for years.
What criticism arose in the 19th century regarding asylums?
Overcrowding and poor conditions.
What was the focus of Moral Treatment in the 18th century?
Minimize coercion, kindness, and talk therapy.
What are key ideas of Moral Treatment?
Productive activities for hope and confidence; rational, gentle guidance.
What was the York Retreat?
Community living with minimal restraints established by Tuke in 1796.
What activities were emphasized at the York Retreat?
Rest, conversation, and manual work to build rationality.
What led to the disillusionment with asylums starting in the 1830s?
Asylums failed to cure patients.
What awareness emerged in the 1950s regarding mental health care?
Recognition of limitations in asylum care and the need for improvement strategies.
What is a token economy?
A system that rewards behaviors to encourage positive actions.
What shift occurred in mental health care since the 1970s?
A shift to community-based care.
What distinction did ‘Nerves and Neurasthenia’ make in the late 1800s?
Distinction between insanity (severe) and nervous illness (non-inheritable).
What is Neurasthenia as defined by Beard in 1869?
Exhaustion of nerves characterized by headaches and fatigue.
What was the Rest Cure proposed by Weir Mitchell in 1887?
A treatment involving isolation, bed rest, and a high-calorie diet.
What factors contributed to the success of rest cures?
Psychological factors played a more significant role than physical ones.
What therapy rose from hypnotherapy?
Psychoanalysis, developed by Freud.
What is the role of genetics in current biological explanations?
It involves the interaction of genes and the environment, including the diachesis-stress model.
What is epigenetics?
It refers to how behavior can modify gene expression.
What are some key neurotransmitters involved in mood disorders?
Serotonin and norepinephrine.
Which neurotransmitter is associated with schizophrenia?
Dopamine.
What neurotransmitter is linked to anxiety?
GABA.
What is the function of antipsychotics?
They lower dopamine levels, often used for schizophrenia.
What do antidepressants (SSRIs) do?
They increase serotonin levels (e.g., Prozac).
What is the purpose of anti-anxiety drugs?
They slow excitatory activity.
