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British Australia 1788-1829 > How did the first penal colony in Australia develop into a settlement? > Flashcards

How did the first penal colony in Australia develop into a settlement? Flashcards

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1
Q

When did Captain cook go on his exploration of the South seas?

A

1768-1771

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2
Q

What did he name the land he found?

A

Botany bay

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3
Q

Why did they claim Botany Bay?

A

After the American war of independence Britain could no longer send prisoners over and prisons were full in Britain

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4
Q

Where did Britain attempt to send prisoners?

A

Das voltas bay (Nambia) but failed

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5
Q

How would they keep the new colony self sufficent?

A

Pay costs of transportation and the convicts

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6
Q

Who was Joseph Banks?

A

A botanist on the first fleet

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7
Q

What did Joseph Banks say about Botany bay?

A

That it was sufficient to grow flax and for sail making

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8
Q

What did William Pitt the Younger decide?

A

Made the decision to start a colony in NSW

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9
Q

How much did it cost to start a penal colony?

A

£70,000

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10
Q

How many ships arrived with the first fleet?

A

11 ships

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11
Q

How many days did it take for the first fleet to reach NSW?

A

250 days

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12
Q

How many people were onboard of the first fleet?

A

1,420

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13
Q

How many people died onboard of the first fleet?

A

48

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14
Q

When did the first fleet set sail?

A

18 January 1788

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15
Q

Who was the captain of the first fleet?

A

Arthur Phillip

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16
Q

When did settlement on Norfolk island begin?

A

1788

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17
Q

What was on Norfolk island?

A

Flax and timber source

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18
Q

Why was Norfolk island expensive to maintain?

A

Because it was isolated

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19
Q

How many mutton birds were easily killed over 3 months?

A

200,000

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20
Q

How did the people ration mutton birds?

A

Convicts who destroyed egg or burrows were punished

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21
Q

When did mutton birds go extinct?

A

1800

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22
Q

What was the bay surrounding Norfolk island nicknamed?

A

Slaughter bay

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23
Q

When was establishment reduced in Norfolk island?

A

1805

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24
Q

When did Norfolk island lay silent till?

A

1825

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25
When was Arthur Phillip governor?
1788-1792
26
What was Arthur Phillip known for?
First fleet and establishment Allocated work based on skills Tough but fair
27
Why was Botany bay not suitable?
No fresh water source Soil was not suitable to grow crops Traded with aboriginals for kangaroo meat
28
In how many months did all the livestock get used up?
6 months
29
How was food and clothing distributed?
It was the property of the government and they distributed it
30
How did they control land?
Appointed a surveyor over allocation of plots of land
31
Why was there no real internal market
Everything belonged to the government Reliant on government supplies Development of private land holding didn't ease this
32
How did they control food stores?
Rations were shared equally Resented by higher up offices and marines
33
Why was convict labour low?
Due to lack of food source
34
Where did the settlers move to?
16 miles away in Paramatta
35
Why was Paramatta suitable?
Fertile Land grants to former convicts Reduced reliance on government supplies
36
When did the second fleet arrive?
3 June 1790
37
How many ships accompanied the second fleet?
6 ships
38
How many convicts were on the second fleet?
1006
39
What % died onboard?
25%
40
What % died within 6 weeks?
40%
41
Why had the second fleet failed?
It was taken over by a private firm: Camden, Calvert and King
42
What did the second fleet bring with them?
Brought livestock and crops
43
When did the third fleet arrive?
1791
44
How many ships accompanied the third fleet?
11 ships
45
How many convicts were on the third fleet?
2067
46
How many convicts on the third fleet died?
182
47
What majority of people made up the third fleet?
Irish majority
48
Where did the third fleet pick up supplies?
From Calcutta, they got rice
49
What was the royal commission of affairs?
To deal with public response to losses
50
What did the royal commission of affairs achieve?
No prosecutions
51
What were Irish prisoners mainly going to NSW for?
Being political dissidents from the struggle for freedom from Britain
52
How did some Irish prisoners escape?
By sea They either got lost or landed in an unknown coastline
53
When did William Blight become governor?
1806
54
Why was William Bligh sent to NSW
To take over from NSW corp (rum years)
55
What did William Bligh want to do?
Control use of alcohol as barter Restrict trade End corruption
56
What was the NSW corp?
Military force set up after arrival of the first fleet
57
Who was John Macarthur?
Formed NSW corp officer
58
When was John Macarthur arrested?
1808
59
What did John conflict with Bligh about?
Over grazing land for Macarthur's sheep
60
What was the rum rebellion?
Major Johnston commander and Macarthur deposed Bligh and took control
61
How did Blight try to limit rum trade?
Through forbidding bartering and introducing regulations securing control over ports
62
What happened to Bligh?
He was exiled
63
When did Blight return?
1817
64
What did Macaarthur do after Bligh's exile?
Established the first commercial vineyard Agricultural company Bank of Australia
65
What made Macarthur rich?
Export of wool
66
What did Macquarie do in terms of currency?
Created sterling silver coins in 1812
67
What was the currency called?
The Holey dollar
68
How did they dismantle NSW corp?
Sent some to garrison duty in gurnsey
69
Who were the soldiers controlled by now?
Macquarie
70
How did Macquarie treat convicts?
Greeted new convicts Harsh discipline Punishments ruled out after hearing at a magistrate Promise or land and independence
71
How did Macquarie cut down on alcohol consumption?
Public houses reduced and were closed on Sundays Religion would help reform the convicts
72
How were women treated?
Rape was common, only escaped if they were "protected" by seamen or a marine
73
What roles did women play?
Assigned to ex convicts, officers and soldiers as domestics
74
What happened if women got pregnant?
Were sent to the government and abandoned
75
How did Macqurie improve lives for women?
They were able to inherit property and businesses if their husbands died
76
What became unacceptable to do in terms of women?
To pick women of the boat and return them to the government when they became pregnant
77
What were convicts issued with?
Early pardons and tickets of leave
78
Who were able to apply for convict labour?
Emancipates
79
What were some of the reactions to land being given to convicts?
Exclusives resented and wished to see a larger amount of land given to them to develop sheep farming
80
Why did they develop up the Hawkesbury river?
Fertile and source for oysters
81
What were some of the names of the different Macquarie towns?
Wilberforce, Richmond, Windsor and Pitt town
82
When was the Appin massacre?
17 April 1816
83
Why was there an attack on aborginals?
It was in response to an attack on farms and farmers
84
Who were the local aboriginal people called?
Darug people
85
What did each town have?
A church, a school and a inn
86
How did the Macquarie towns help the colony?
Helped cushion it through economic depression, droughts, floods by providing income and employment
87
What was the rum hospital?
A hospital in Sydney developed at no cost by awarding the licence for trade in liquor to the builders
88
What was the convict architecture called?
Francis Greenway
89
Where was the first female factory set up?
Paramatta
90
What was the British response to Macquarie's developments?
Wanted him to cut costs Needed money for Napoleonic wars
91
How many convicts were working for the government in 1821?
4001

British Australia 1788-1829 (3 decks)

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