How do enzymes lower delta G'

Question 1

How do enzymes lower delta Gǂ list the steps

Answer 1

1. ES complex forms
2. Non-covalent bonds form between E and S
3. Binding energy releases
4. Offset activation energy
5. Net activation energy lowers
6. S becomes a transition state complementary to enzymes
7. Product is formed

Question 2

What is binding energy delta GB

Answer 2

Energy released by formeing non-covalent bonds between E and S

Question 3

How do non-covalent bonds form?

Answer 3

1) Enzyme is partially complementary to S, which forms some weak interactions
2) Enzyme is fully complementary to transition state causing
optimal interactions to be reached.
3) larger number of weak
non-covalent bonds form and the DGB is release

Question 4

enzyme conformation changes in the
active site –> enhance enzyme-substrate interaction

Answer 4

Induced fit

Question 5

What is entropy reduction

Answer 5

when two substrates need to have
restricted motions in order to react

Question 6

What is energy needed to desolvation

Answer 6

Free hydogen bonds between substrate and water (solvation shell)

Question 7

What are the 4 barriers of activation energy

Answer 7

1. Entropy reduction when two substrates need to have restricted motions in order to react
2. Energy needed to desolvation: free hydrogen bonds
   between substrate and water (solvation shell)
3. Compensate distortion of substrates, primarily electron
   redistribution (bond breaking), in order to react
4. Induced fit of enzyme

Question 8

Acid-base catalysis Mechanism

Answer 8

form unstable charged
intermediates—> break down rapidly to
reactants –> break down rapidly to
reactants—-> if H+ is gained or lost more
rapidly by catalyst—> intermediate are
stabilized and break to products