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History - Germany > How the Arts and Culture of Germany were Affected by Nazi Rule > Flashcards

How the Arts and Culture of Germany were Affected by Nazi Rule Flashcards

1
Q

What was the Chamber of Culture?

A

It ruled that all cultural activities all had to give the same ‘message’: that Nazi beliefs and ideas were correct, and everything that Hitler did was in the best interests of the country.

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2
Q

Who led the Chamber of Culture?

A

Joseph Goebbels.

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3
Q

Who had to be members of the Chamber of Culture?

A

All musicians, writers, artists and actors had to be members.

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4
Q

What would happen if someone refused to join the Chamber of Culture?

A

They would not be allowed to work.

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5
Q

Who were banned from joining the Chamber of Culture?

A

Jews.

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6
Q

What did Goebbels realise about cinema?

A

How popular and how powerful it could be.

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7
Q

How did the Nazis have a direct influence on exactly what films were made?

A

Nazi supporters such as Alfred Hugenberg owned film studios.

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8
Q

What did all films have to carry?

A

A pro-Nazi message.

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9
Q

What were German soldiers always shown as in films?

A

Heroes.

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10
Q

What were Jews always shown as in films?

A

Mean and nasty.

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11
Q

What did Goebbels make sure was always shown before the main film?

A

A news report of Hitler’s achievements.

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12
Q

Where did Goebbels make music come from?

A

Germany or Austria only.

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13
Q

Give 3 types of music that were popular:

A

-Marching music
-Old folk songs
-Classical music by Bach, Beethoven or Mozart

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14
Q

What had happened to some music that was popular in Weimar Germany?

A

They were not permitted.

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15
Q

Name 2 Jewish composers who were banned:

A

-Mahler
-Mendelssohn

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16
Q

Why was jazz music banned?

A

Because it had origins among the black people of America.

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17
Q

Before the Nazis took over, what group did they set up regarding theatre?

A

The Militant League for German Culture.

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18
Q

What did the Militant League for German Culture do?

A

They protested against some of the more ‘modern’ plays and films they didn’t approve of.

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19
Q

Name one hit musical that came under attack by the Nazis:

A

Jewish writer Kurt Weill’s, The Threepenny Opera.

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20
Q

Name 1 feature of The Threepenny Opera that got it banned:

A

It contained lots of jazz music.

21
Q

What did Nazis think plays should mainly focus on?

A

German history and politics.

22
Q

Name 2 ‘older’ playwrights whom the Nazis still allowed:

A

-Goethe
-Schiller

23
Q

What theatre bars were shut down?

A

Germany’s cabaret clubs.

24
Q

What were cabaret clubs?

A

Noisy, smoky theatre bars were places where songs about sex and politics were common.

25
Q

What did Goebbels create a list of regarding literature?

A

A list of banned books.

26
Q

Where were Goebbel’s list of banned books removed from?

A

Libraries and book shops.

27
Q

What kind of books were banned?

A

If they were classed as ‘un-German’ or were by jewish authors.

28
Q

What was the best-selling book in Germany?

A

Mein Kampf.

29
Q

What 3 things did Goebbels encourage books to be about?

A

-Race
-The glory of war
-The brilliance of the Nazis

30
Q

What did Goebbels even do to showcase books about race, the glory of war and the brilliance of the Nazis?

A

He wrote a book himself.

31
Q

Name 1 popular book written in Weimar Germany that was banned:

A

Erich Remarque’s anti-war novel, All Quiet on the Western Front.

32
Q

How many writers left Germany between which years?

A

Between 1933 and 1945, around 2500 writers left Germany.

33
Q

Name 1 writer who left Germany and who was he?

A

Thomas Mann, a strong critic of the Nazis who had written Magic Mountain, one of the best-known German novels of the time.

34
Q

How did Hitler feel about modern art?

A

He hated it and referred to it as ‘degenerate’

35
Q

How many paintings and when did the Nazis burn them?

A

In 1936, the Nazis publicly burned 5000 paintings they disapproved of.

36
Q

What did the Nazis do in 1937 regarding art?

A

They put on an exhibition of unacceptable art and opened another showing their officially approved paintings.

37
Q

What did the Nazis want art to be?

A

Simply and clearly understandable to ordinary people.

38
Q

What 3 things did the Nazis want art to show?

A

-Healthy, heroic German figures
-Family scenes of happy, strong ‘pure’ Germans
-Lots of images of Hitler himself in heroic poses

39
Q

When did Hitler close down the ‘Bauhaus’ movement?

A

1933.

40
Q

What did Hitler favour in terms of design?

A

Huge stone structures, often copies of buildings from ancient Greece or Rome.

41
Q

When were the Olympic Games held in Berlin?

A

1936

42
Q

What did the Nazis use the opportunity of the Olympic Games to do?

A

To show the world how splendid Nazi Germany was.

43
Q

What was stopped for a while during the Olympic Games in Berlin?

A

Anti-semitic posters and newspapers.

44
Q

The German Olympic squad coming top of the medals table made Hitler claim what?

A

He claimed it showed how talented and strong the German race was and how it was superior to other ‘inferior’ races.

45
Q

Which world-respected German filmmaker filmed the entire games?

A

Leni Riefenstahl.

46
Q

What did Riefenstahl pioneer?

A

The use of ‘tracking shots’ to follow an athlete’s movements in slow motion.

47
Q

What did the Germans also use the Olympic Games to show?

A

The brilliance of German technology.

48
Q

What advanced equipment was used in the stadium which contained what?

A

The most advanced ‘photo-finish’ equipment used in the main stadium contained the largest stop-clock ever made.

History - Germany (21 decks)

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