How-To Practice “Using External Focus Of Attention” Flashcards
What is attentional focus in musical performance? (195 cards)
Focus of Attention
What is attentional focus in musical performance?
It’s like deciding where to look while painting—do you focus on every hair of the brush, or every stroke of the brush (internal) or the overall painting you’re creating for others to see (external)?
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What is an external focus of attention?
Imagine focusing on how your painting will look to someone standing across the room—that’s an external focus.
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What is an internal focus of attention?
It’s like focusing on how precisely you hold the brush and how smoothly it moves—attention stays on your technique.
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Why is external focus better for musical performance?
Like painting with your audience in mind, it makes the final piece more expressive and impactful, without getting stuck on perfecting every brushstroke by micro-managing your body.
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How does external focus affect musical expression?
It’s like adding vibrant colors to your painting—focusing on the audience helps bring out the emotions in your music.
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How does internal focus affect technical precision?
If you overthink every brushstroke while painting, you might actually make more mistakes—internal focus can hinder performance.
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What happens when you focus on the sound of the music?
It’s like painting while imagining how the entire canvas will come together—this external focus improves both expression and precision.
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Why might internal focus feel natural but not helpful?
It’s like being overly cautious; it might feel safer, but it stops the flow of creativity and expression.
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What did the experiments reveal about focus and musical performance?
When musicians painted their “musical picture” with the audience in mind (external focus), their art came alive.
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Why is an audience important in this study?
An audience is like the gallery for your painting—it adds pressure, but it’s also the reason for creating expressive art.
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What does “musicality” mean here?
It’s the mood, interpretation, and emotion in the music—like the choice of colors and how they blend in a painting.
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Why does external focus improve both technical and musicality results?
Like imagining the viewer’s experience of your painting, external focus improved both the details and the overall impact.
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How does pressure affect internal vs. external focus?
Under pressure, focusing internally is like second-guessing every brushstroke; it disrupts the flow.
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What’s the “goal-action coupling” in music?
“Goal-action coupling” in music refers to the connection between a musician’s intended outcome (the goal) and the specific physical or mental actions required to achieve it (the action). It emphasizes the relationship between what you want to express musically and the technical execution needed to make it happen.
For example, in fingerstyle guitar:
* Goal: Play a melody with dynamics that conveys emotion (e.g., soft and delicate in one part, strong and assertive in another).
* Action: Adjust the pressure of your picking fingers, control your thumb for balance with the bass notes, and perhaps vary where you strike the strings (closer to the bridge or fretboard).
Strong goal-action coupling means that your brain, ears, and hands are in sync. You can effectively translate your musical ideas into physical movements without overthinking, allowing for expressive and natural playing.
Why is it important?
* It helps develop musicality, as you focus on what you want to communicate rather than purely technical execution.
* It reduces mechanical or robotic playing, keeping your music engaging.
* It builds muscle memory, so your actions (like chord transitions or fingerpicking patterns) become automatic over time.
How to strengthen goal-action coupling?
1. Visualize the Goal: Before playing, imagine how the piece should sound.
2. Practice Slowly: Ensure each action aligns with the sound you’re aiming for.
3. Use Feedback: Record yourself or listen critically to assess if your playing matches your goal.
4. Experiment: Try playing phrases with different dynamics or techniques to find what best achieves the desired expression.
5. Consistency: Regularly practice connecting intention with execution to make it second nature.
By focusing on both the “why” (musical intent) and the “how” (technique), you can create music that feels both precise and deeply personal.
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How does self-consciousness hurt performance?
Like worrying too much about spilling paint, it stops you from creating freely.
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What role does attention play in automatic skills?
Attention helps or hinders flow—external focus is like letting your brush move instinctively, creating smooth strokes. Internal focus is like trying to control every hair of the brush.
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How can teachers apply these findings?
Teachers can guide students to focus on the “big picture” of their painting, helping them play for the audience.
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What’s the “fear-feeds-fear” loop?
It’s like being afraid to mess up one stroke and then ruining the whole painting due to overthinking.
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How did external focus impact experienced musicians?
It let them paint more expressive and technically precise “musical canvases.”
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Why is focusing on audience perception important?
It’s like creating a painting that captivates viewers instead of just satisfying the artist.
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How can musicians use external focus during practice?
By imagining how the music “looks” to an audience, like a painter visualizing their gallery display.
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Why is technical precision higher with external focus?
Like trusting the brush to flow, external focus avoids over-controlling movements, leading to better precision.
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How does external focus free up mental energy?
It’s like clearing distractions to focus on your painting’s vision instead of doubting each stroke.
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What does an “optimal performance” feel like?
It’s like painting effortlessly, where each stroke feels natural and part of a larger masterpiece.