HPL Psychology 2 - revision questions Flashcards
The filters of perception are considered to be
a.intuition and realisation
b.past experience and learning
c.knowledge and Briefing
d.learning and study
b.past experience and learning
The cocktail party effect is the;
Select one:
a.Tendency to believe information that reinforces our mental model of the world.
b.Ability to drink too much at a social gathering.
c.Tendency not to perceive relevant information.
d.Ability to pick up relevant information unintentionally.
d.Ability to pick up relevant information unintentionally.
The available cognitive resources of the human brain:
Select one:
a.Are virtually unlimited.
b.Allow for simultaneous operation of twin tasks without any loss of effectiveness.
c.Are limited and make it impossible to perform two attentional tasks at the same time.
d.Are limited but make it possible to easily perform several tasks at the same time.
c.Are limited and make it impossible to perform two attentional tasks at the same time.
What are the three sub-divisions of the long-term memory?
a.Semantic, elevated and procedural
b.Sensory, episodic and procedural
c.Semantic, episodic and progressive
d.Semantic, episodic and procedural
b.Sensory, episodic and procedural
What are the three basic approaches to learning?
a.Associative, cognitive, applicable
b.Modelling, automatic, behaviouristic
c.Behaviouristic, cognitive, modelling
d.Cognitive, cumulative, modelling
c.Behaviouristic, cognitive, modelling
According to James Reason, what are different categories of error?
Select one:
a.Faults, defects, weaknesses and oversights.
b.Failures, omissions, deficiencies and flaws.
c.Defects, deficiencies, ambiguities and anomalies.
d.Slips, lapses, mistakes and violations.
d.Slips, lapses, mistakes and violations.
Which of the following statements best fits the definition of an active error? Active error is:
Select one:
a.Produced either by a frontline operator or by a remote operator and results in a hidden or latent consequence at a specific moment of the action.
b.Rare in frontline actions and difficult to detect owing to the fact that it usually occurs in a complex system of uncontrolled and involuntary deviations
c.Essentially results from the application of a bad rule or the poor application of a good rule by aeroplane designers.
d.Produced by the operator and can be rapidly detected.
d.Produced by the operator and can be rapidly detected.
Which of the following statements best fits the concept of latent error?
Select one:
a.Latent errors are mainly associated with the behaviour of frontline operators and are only detected after advanced problem solving.
b.Latent errors may have been present in the system for a certain length of time and are difficult to identify as a result of the time lag between the generation and the occurrence of the error.
c.Latent errors are detected rapidly.
d.Latent errors are rarely made by frontline operators and are consequently readily identified and detected by the monitoring, detection and warning links.
b.Latent errors may have been present in the system for a certain length of time and are difficult to identify as a result of the time lag between the generation and the occurrence of the error.
Which of the following concepts relating to human reliability is true?
Select one:
a.Response to a particular stressful influence does not vary from one person to another.
b.If equipment is designed in such a way that it can be operated wrongly, then sooner or later it will be.
c.Expectation has no influence on perception.
d.Performance is totally independent of motivation.
b.If equipment is designed in such a way that it can be operated wrongly, then sooner or later it will be.
Decision-making results in:
Select one:
-a choice between different options to achieve a goal
-a subjective choice between options to achieve a goal
-a choice always based on the experience of the Pilot in Command
-a totally objective choice between options to achieve a goal proposed by the Pilot in Command
-a choice between different options to achieve a goal
The best method to avoid Confirmation Bias is to
a.Search for information that will falsify the hypothesis
b.Double-check that you have not fitted the ground over which you are passing to your map
c.Use precise and careful pre-flight briefings
d.Deliberately confirm that the receiver has understood the information that has been passed to him/her
a.Search for information that will falsify the hypothesis
What is meant by risky shift?
Select one:
a.A flight or task undertaken at a time when the circadian rhythms are at their lowest level.
b.The process by which the working memory will offload information to the long-term memory during a high stress situation.
c.The tendency of a group accepting a higher degree of risk than any individual in the group.
d.The process by which the central decision maker will ignore any information which does not fit the mental model created to explain phenomena.
c.The tendency of a group accepting a higher degree of risk than any individual in the group.
Which of the following form part of the 9 steps in decision making?
a.High workload, risk assessment, consequences
b.Definition of the aim, decision, ergonomics
c.Development of options, confirmation bias, implementation
d.Risk assessment, evaluation of options, review and feedback
d.Risk assessment, evaluation of options, review and feedback
The main objectives of multi-crew co-operation (MCC) are
a.Shared workload, conformity and group think
b.Safety, redundancy and workload management
c.Shared responsibility, effective communication and clear hierarchy
d.Co-operation, economy and standard procedures (SOPs)
b.Safety, redundancy and workload management
Which of the following statements concerning checklists is correct?
Select one:
a.The most important items should be placed at the beginning of a checklist since attention is usually focused here.
b.Most important items must be placed at the end of a checklist, allowing them to be kept near at hand so they are quickly available for any supplementary check.
c.All the items have a checklist are equally important, their sequence of isn’t is of no importance.
d.The most important items must be placed in the middle of checklists so that they come to be examined once attention is focused but before concentration starts to wane.
a.The most important items should be placed at the beginning of a checklist since attention is usually focused here.
It is desirable to standardise as many patterns of behaviour (operational procedures) as possible in commercial aviation is because
a.This reduces the amount of training required
b.It makes the flight deck easier to design
c.Such behaviour reduces errors
d.This lowers the ability requirement in pilot selection
c.Such behaviour reduces errors
Which of the following represents a potential threat in the use of SOPs?
a.Reduced communication between pilots
b.Developed habits
c.Time consuming
d.Pilot overload during periods of intense activity
b.Developed habits
What are the advantages of coordination?
Select one:
a.Redundancy, synergy, clarification of responsibility.
b.Cooperation, cognition, redundancy.
c.Interaction, cognition, redundancy.
d.Redundancy, exploration, risky shift.
a.Redundancy, synergy, clarification of responsibility.
