HPL Q04 - The Eye and Vision

Question 1

Presbyopia causes a:
Select one:

a.lack of empty field.

b.decrease of accommodation.

c.misshaped cornea.

d.lack of vitamin A.

Answer 1

b.decrease of accommodation.

Question 2

Which part of the eye regulates light input?
Select one:

a.Iris

b.Lens

c.Retina

d.Pupil

Answer 2

a.Iris

Question 3

What types of sunglasses could cause perceptional problems in flight.
Select one:

a.Non-polarising, thin framed.

b.Non-polarising, photochromic.

c.Polarising, thin-framed.

d.Polarising, photochromic.

Answer 3

d.Polarising, photochromic.

Question 4

Light to dark adaptation takes:
Select one:

a.Up to 10 seconds.

b.Up to 30 minutes.

c.Up to 3 minutes.

d.Up to 10 minutes.

Answer 4

b.Up to 30 minutes.

Question 5

What is glaucoma?
Select one:

a.A misshapen cornea.

b.A clouding of the lens of the eye.

c.Long-sightedness caused by age.

d.A disease which causes the internal pressure of the eye to increase.

Answer 5

d.A disease which causes the internal pressure of the eye to increase.

Question 6

Night vision Is affected by
Select one:

a.Smoking, blocked eustachian tubes, lack of vitamin C

b.Lack of vitamin A, altitudes below 2000ft, NIHL.

c.Age, smoking, alcohol.

d.Presbycusis, age, hypoxia.

Answer 6

c.Age, smoking, alcohol.

Question 7

Distinguish between the functions of the rod and cone cells.
Select one:

a.The rod cells are sensitive to colour, the cones are sensitive to low-level light and black and white.

b.The rod cells are sensitive to black and white and low-level light; the cones are sensitive to colour.

c.The rod cells are sensitive to low-level light and colour, the cones are sensitive to black and white.

d.Both sets of cells are equally sensitive to colour, black and white and low-level light.

Answer 7

b.The rod cells are sensitive to black and white and low-level light; the cones are sensitive to colour.

Question 8

List the measures that may be taken to protect oneself from flash blindness.
Select one:

a.Turn cockpit lights down, read a book, close eyes, look outside.

b.Keep eyes shut, hand over control, sit in the cabin, open window blinds.

c.Wear sunglasses, open blinds, turn cockpit lights down, look outside.

d.Turn cockpit lights up, look inside, wear sunglasses, use the window blinds.

Answer 8

d.Turn cockpit lights up, look inside, wear sunglasses, use the window blinds.

Question 9

Adaptation is:
Select one:

a.The adjustment of the crystalline lens to focus light on the retina.

b.The adjustment of the eyes to high or low levels of illumination.

c.The change of the diameter of one pupil.

d.The reflection of the light at the cornea.

Answer 9

b.The adjustment of the eyes to high or low levels of illumination.

Question 10

Visual acuity may be degraded by:
Select one:

a.Hypoxia, NIHL, contrast, alcohol.

b.Distance, presbycusis, anaemia, smoking.

c.Age, smoking, suffering from a cold, relative movement.

d.Angular distance from the fovea, contrast, relative movement, age.

Answer 10

d.Angular distance from the fovea, contrast, relative movement, age.

Question 11

During a night flight at 10 000 ft you notice that your visual acuity has decreased. In this case you can increase your acuity by:
Select one:

a.closing one eye.

b.scanning sectors of the field of vision

c.breathing extra oxygen through the oxygen mask.

d.dimming the instrument lights.

Answer 11

c.breathing extra oxygen through the oxygen mask.

Question 12

State the current rules/regulations governing the wearing of corrective spectacles and contact lenses when operating as a pilot.
Select one:

a.A pilot does not need a spare pair of glasses.

b.A pilot requiring glasses or contact lenses must carry a spare pair of glasses, that are easily accessible at all times.

c.A pilot only needs a spare pair of contact lenses.

d.A pilot need only have a spare pair of sunglasses.

Answer 12

b.A pilot requiring glasses or contact lenses must carry a spare pair of glasses, that are easily accessible at all times.

Question 13

What is accommodation?
Select one:

a.The combined field of view of the eyes.

b.The changing shape of the lens to focus on the retina.

c.The total visible light spectrum.

d.The ability of the eye to resolve detail.

Answer 13

b.The changing shape of the lens to focus on the retina.

Question 14

Causes of colour blindness include:
Select one:

a.Age, education, social status.

b.Genetics, diabetes, glaucoma.

c.Race, religion, age

d.Medication, age, excess sunlight.

Answer 14

b.Genetics, diabetes, glaucoma.

Question 15

Vision of terrain relief for example hills, valleys, etc:
Select one:

a.Is impossible if a pilot wears sunglasses.

b.Is based on binocular vision at short distances and the rules of proportion and perspective for objects that are further away.

c.Is possible that only at distances over 200 metres due to binocular vision.

d.Is impossible with only one eye.

Answer 15

b.Is based on binocular vision at short distances and the rules of proportion and perspective for objects that are further away.

Question 16

What is the fovea best described as?
Select one:

a.The centre of the field of vision.

b.The area of the eye where colour is detected.

c.The white ball of the eye.

d.The peripheral vision.

Answer 16

a.The centre of the field of vision.

Question 17

Describe the distribution of rod and cone cells in the retina.
Select one:

a.Cones and rods are equally distributed around the fovea and retina

b.Cones are most concentrated around the rest of the retina; Rods are more concentrated around the fovea.

c.Cones are most concentrated around the fovea; Rods are more concentrated around the rest of the retina.

d.Cones and rods are only concentrated around the fovea.

Answer 17

c.Cones are most concentrated around the fovea; Rods are more concentrated around the rest of the retina.

Question 18

The best scanning technique at night is:
Select one:

a.Fly on instruments at night.

b.Look away by 10-15°.

c.Look directly at the object and shake the head.

d.Look directly at the object.

Answer 18

b.Look away by 10-15°.

Question 19

Why are sunglasses beneficial for pilots?
Select one:

a.For low-energy red light and infra-red rays, sunglasses can prevent damage to the retina.

b.The digital instruments can be read easier.

c.The analogue instruments can be read easier.

d.For high-energy blue light and UV rays, sunglasses can prevent damage to the retina.

Answer 19

d.For high-energy blue light and UV rays, sunglasses can prevent damage to the retina.

Question 20

Astigmatism is caused by
Select one:

a.a mis-shapen cornea.

b.a lack of empty field.

c.clouding of the lens.

d.a lack of vitamin A.

Answer 20

a.a mis-shapen cornea.