HPV introduction

Question 1

What is the most common viral sexually transmitted infection

Answer 1

HPv

Question 2

How many HPV infections are with a high-risk type linked to cancer

Answer 2

Half

Question 3

Where is most HPV-associated disease (geographically)

Answer 3

LICs and MICs

Question 4

What cell line contains HPV genes?

Answer 4

HeLa

Question 5

In the 1980s what virus was mistakenly blamed for causing cervical cancer

Answer 5

HSV

Question 6

Length of HPV genome

Answer 6

8kb

Question 7

Shape of HPV genome

Answer 7

Circular

Question 8

Is PV difficult to grow in culture cells

Answer 8

Yes

Question 9

What skin ailment does HPV cause (skin and genital)

Answer 9

Papilloma
Condyloma

Question 10

What type of HPV causes most HPV driven cancers, what’s runner up

Answer 10

HPV16, HPV18

Question 11

What nucleic acid makes up the HCV genome?

Answer 11

dsDNA

Question 12

How many strands of DNA are in HPV, also where are the ORFs

Answer 12

1 strand containing all the ORFs

Question 13

How many ORFs in HPV

Answer 13

10

Question 14

What are HPV ORFs classified into what two groups and on what basis?

Answer 14

Early or late, based on location in genome

Question 15

What cells are early ORFs expressed

Answer 15

Non-productively infected cells –> reg. proteins and those required for replications

Question 16

Late ORFs are only expressed in what type of cell

Answer 16

Capsid proteins, productively infected cells

Question 17

LCR/URR meaning

Answer 17

Long control region / upstream regulatory region

Question 18

What does the LCR/UUR contain

Answer 18

Ori of DNA replication, transcription factor control elements

Question 19

E1 protein function

Answer 19

Initation of DNA replication (helicase)

Question 20

E2 protein function

Answer 20

Transcription regulation/DNA replication

Question 21

E3 protein function

Answer 21

Ubiquitin ligase

Question 22

E4(E1^E4) function

Answer 22

Late early protein implicated in virus assembly/release

Question 23

Function of E5

Answer 23

Oncoprotein and genome replication

Question 24

Function of proteins E6 and E7

Answer 24

Oncoproteins and cell cycle modulation

Question 25

E8 (E8^E2C) function

Answer 25

Potentially controls HPV replication levels

Question 26

L1 function

Answer 26

Major capsid protein

Question 27

L2 function

Answer 27

Minor capsid protein

Question 28

HPV life cycle is dependent on what cell type differentiation

Answer 28

Keratinocyte

Question 29

Genome maintence occurs in what epidermal layer, which HPV proteins

Answer 29

Basal layer, E1, E2

Question 30

Genome maintance/cell proliferation occurs in what epidermal layer, what HPV proteins

Answer 30

Spinous, E1,5,6,7 and E8^E2

Question 31

Genome amplification occurs in what epidermal layers and what HPV proteins

Answer 31

Top of spinous, mostly granular: E1,E2,E4,E6,E7

Question 32

Virus assembly occurs at what epidermal layer, what proteins of HPV

Answer 32

Granular: L1,L2

Question 33

Virion release of HPV occurs at what epidermal layers

Answer 33

Cornified

Question 34

How does HPV enter the cell

Answer 34

Bind to receptor Conformational changes of L1/L2 lead to cleavage by proteases like Furin Endocytosis

Question 35

What can enter through microtears in the epithelial

Answer 35

HPV

Question 36

Where does disassembly of capsid and exposure of the geneome occur within the cell?

Answer 36

Endosome

Question 37

Where does HPV hide in the cell

Answer 37

Golgi, needs cell division to enter nucleus

Question 38

What pathway does HPV hide from and wait till it switches off?

Answer 38

cGAS

Question 39

L2 utilised what complex to traffic genome into cytoplasm, enter nucleus and colocalise at ND10 bodies

Answer 39

Retromer

Question 40

Transcription of HPV occurs in how many waves

Answer 40

2

Question 41

P97 is what type of promotor and leads to direct expression of what

Answer 41

Early promotor in undifferentiated cells: E6 and E7

Question 42

The late promotor is called ____, drives xcpression of what proteins in what type of cells

Answer 42

P670, immortalised differentiated cell: Proteins E4/L1/L2 and E1

Question 43

The LCR contained enhancer elements are responsive to ___ as well as virus encoded _____________

Answer 43

AP-1. Virus encoded transcriptional regulatory factors

Question 44

What do LCR elements bind to for example

Answer 44

E2

Question 45

LCR is important in what part of the lifecycle

Answer 45

Latency

Question 46

MAPKs are activated by what HPV proteins

Answer 46

E5, E6, E7

Question 47

E2 proteins regulate what processes

Answer 47

Viral transcription, viral DNA replication and long term episome maintence

Question 48

E2 proteins contain what domains and binding sites for what

Answer 48

Sequence specific DNA binding, dimerisation domain, transactivating domain (amino term)

Question 49

Truncated E2 (lacking TA) can act as a repressor of what

Answer 49

Transcription

Question 50

E2 can express to what promotor to regulate expression of what

Answer 50

P97, regulate E6 and E7

Question 51

Why is negative transcription of proteins needed for HPV

Answer 51

So not too many oncoproteins are produced

Question 52

Why does HPV replicate only in skin cells

Answer 52

Due to high DNA replication rate

Question 53

Virals genomes replicate how often per cell cycle

Answer 53

Once

Question 54

PV requires DNA ori in **trans/cis** and viral E1 and E2 proteins in **trans/cis**

Answer 54

PV requires DNA Ori in cis and viral E1 and E2 proteins in trans.

Question 55

Minimial Ori requires what

Answer 55

AT rich region and E1 and E2 binding site.

Question 56

E1 is what type of protein

Answer 56

Nuclear phosphoprotein, functions as ATP-dependent helicase

Question 57

What does E2 stabilise

Answer 57

E1-Ori interaction

Question 58

E1 brings cellular machinery like what

Answer 58

DNA polymerase, histone H1, cyclin E and UBc9

Question 59

Efficient cell cycle regulated replication of PV depends on association of what

Answer 59

E1 and the S-phase specific cyclin E complex/

Question 60

What occurs excuslively in differentiated keratinocytes

Answer 60

Vegetative DNA synthesis, capsid protein synthesis and virion assembly

Question 61

Warts contain abundant ____ protein transcripts

Answer 61

E4

Question 62

Efficient escape requires what protein

Answer 62

E4