HS&F - Energy Systems Flashcards
(19 cards)
What is the difference between Endogonic Reactions and Exogonic reactions?
Endergonic reactions - require energy
Exergonic reaction - energy releasing
What is Catabolism and Anabolism?
Catabolism involves breaking down large, complex molecules (like carbohydrates, fats, and proteins) into smaller units (like glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids). This process releases energy, usually in the form of ATP.
Anabolism is the building up of complex molecules from simpler ones (building muscle tissue after exercise). This process requires energy (usually from ATP).
What determines which energy system is predominately in use?
Exercise intensity and duration
True or False:
The Oxidative system provides ATP at rest and during low intensity activities
True
What is Oxidative Phosphorylation?
The final and most important stage of aerobic respiration, where the majority of your ATP (energy) is produced. (Electron Transport Chain)
What is the yield of ATP for each of the energy systems:
- ATP- PCr
- Glycolysis
- Oxidative
ATP- PCr - 1 ATP
Glycolysis - 2 ATP
Oxidative - approximately 36 ATP
True or False
At no time, during either exercise or rest, does any single energy system provide the complete supply of energy.
True
What is the Cori Cycle?
A metabolic pathway that helps to regenerate glucose from lactic acid in the liver.
What enzyme converts lactate back to pyruvate and vice versa?
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
How can lactate help ‘delay fatigue’.
By converting lactate to pyruvate, hydrogen ions are used which helps reduce acidity and therefore delay fatigue.
What is protein synthesis and is it a catabolic or anabolic process?
The creation of proteins from amino acids. This is an essential anabolic process that supports muscle growth, enzyme production, and many other functions in the body.
Anabolic process
Name 3 functions of lactate
Lactate is vital for mopping up Hydrogen and delaying acidosis
Lactate can be used in the Cori cycle to produce Glucose for further metabolism
Lactate can be reconverted back to pyruvate for further use in Krebs in neighbouring cells.
What is the product of glycolysis?
2 Pyruvate
Byproducts include 2 ATP and 2 NADH
What are the 3 main energy systems
ATP-PCr
Glycolysis
Oxidative System
What is the main function of the energy systems in the body?
To provide ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the primary energy source for muscle contractions and other cellular functions.
During prolonged exercise, how can we test which energy system is predominately in use?
If lactate levels increase significantly, the glycolytic system is likely in use, indicating limited oxygen supply
No lactate buildup during steady-state endurance activities means the oxidative system is primarily at work.
During Glycolysis, when lactate is converted back into Pyruvate, what can this pyruvate now be used for?
Pyruvate can be used in the Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport Chain
What are the inputs and outputs of the Krebs cycle
Inputs:
- Acetyl-CoA (made from pyruvate, which comes from glucose)
- NAD⁺
- FAD
- ADP + PI (inorganic phosphate)
Outputs:
- 3 NADH
- 1 FADH₂
- 1 ATP
What is a Redox Reaction?
When one substance loses electrons (oxidation), another gains electrons (reduction). By moving electrons, energy is created to form ATP.
