HTN Flashcards
(40 cards)
What is MAP?
Mean Arterial Pressure = Cardiac output (stroke volume x heart rate) x Arterial Pressure (length of vessel x viscosity / radius^4)
What MAP is regulated by?
sympathetic nervous system
RAAS system
Renal function
Hormones: epinephrine, vasopressin, angiotensin II
What is a sphygmomanometer?
to measure BP
What are the modifiable risk factors of hypertension?
- smoking
- sedentary lifestyle
- abdominal obesity, insulin resistance
- excess sodium intake
- poor diet quality
- stress
What are the non-modifiable risk factors of hypertension?
- age (> 60 yo)
- men, postmenopausal women, ethnicity
- family history
How does smoking affect BP?
by interfering with nitric oxide which is a compound that helps vasodilatation => smoking = vasoconstriction
How does renal disease affect BP?
decrease blood results in a release of angiotensin II => water retention, vasoconstriction, Na+, Cl- => blood volume
What are the ACC related to hypertension?
- Cardiovascular Disease
HF, LV hypertrophy or dysfunction, MI - Cerebrovascular
Stroke. TIA, Hemorrhage, Dementia (rupture of blood vessels in brain) - Retinopathy
- Peripheral artery disease
- Nephropathy
What are the levels of stratifying risk from the highest to lowest?
- High-risk patient
- DM
- Moderate-to-high risk
- Low risk
What classifies a patient at high risk?
- renal disease
- CVD
- over 75 yo
- 10 years global cardiovascular risk > 15%
What is the BP threshold for people with diabetes?
130/80
What are the treatment goals of hypertension?
- reduce risks of CVD and renal disease
- reduce BP to normal range
What does the plan for hypertension include?
- PA
- Weight loss
- Nutrition therapy
- Alcohol, smoking, relaxation therapy
- Medication
What is the impact of sodium intake on BP?
high Na excretion (intake) = high BP
lowering Na intake results in decrease of SBP
What are the diet contributors to BP?
- Na
- K
- Mg
- Ca
- EtOH
- excess weight, obesity, high calories
What was the finding with the study comparing the BP of US diet vs DASH diet?
if eating an unhealthy diet = more significant decrease in BP to a lower Na intake
True or false
K + supp is not recommended to prevent hypertension in normotensive people
TRUE
TRUE or FALSE
Supp above the recommended intake of K can treat HTN?
FALSE
TRUE or FALSE
High-intensity PA have more benefits for HTN than moderate PA in + to daily activities
false
TRUE or FALSE
B-blockers are recommended as the first trt for ppl over 60 yo
explain
false
because elderly have a lower adrenergic response
What are the possible SPC?
ACE-1 + ARB/CCB
Diuretic + ACE-1/ARB
What is to avoid when taking HTN drugs?
avoid licorice
CCB: no grapefruit, limit alcohol and coffee
What are the treatment goals in most ppl and diabetic ppl?
SBP < 140, DBP < 90
DM : SBP < 130, DBP < 80
What are the contributing factors to hypertension?
excessive vasopressin and angiotensin II smoking renal disease adrenal disorders hyperinsulinemia neurological diseases
