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Flashcards in Huanglongbing Deck (18)
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0
Q

Some characteristics

A

Phloem limited
Fastidious bacteria- candidatus liberibacter asiaticus
Vector-psyllia- diaphorina citri

1
Q

Associated

A

Kochs postulates fulfilled

2
Q

In south africa

A
Candidatus liberibacter africanus
Trioza erytrae
32 killed
27 half die
21 all survive
3
Q

China

A

Gaudong province

4
Q

How fruit look

A

Silver paste when pressed
Bitter
Aborted seed
Lopsided fruit

5
Q

Symptoms appear

A

1/2 years after affected

3-5 years after infection

6
Q

Alpha proteobacteria

A

Gram neg
Obligate intercellular parasite
Fastidious- cannot be cultured
Phloem limited

7
Q

Economic importance

A

Citrus production abandoned

8
Q

Control

A

Cirus certification scheme
Restrict planting materials from greening affected areas
Inoculum removal
Vector control- systemic

9
Q

Psyllids

A

Nymps- waxy tubules- honeydew away from body
Nymphs- survive on young,tender leave stems
Nymphs only present when plant produce new leaves
Adults feed at 45

10
Q

Where

A

95 sweet orange
Varities: pera,valencia,natal
Rootstocks-rangpur,swingle,sunki,cleopatra

11
Q

Natural host

No risk

A

Calodendrumcapense

12
Q

Sampling

A

Clausenaanisata - perdepis
Verpis lanceolata- wit ysterhout
Zanthoxylum capense- klein perdepram

13
Q

Management disease triangle

A

Elimination of symptomatic trees
Insecticide treatment
Healthy,young trees

14
Q

Insecticide applications

A

Figure

15
Q

Main factors of management

A
Incidence if disease- moment when management initiated
Age trees
Period- control measures applied
Size groove
Distance from groove with no control
Nr sprays per year
Nr inspection per year
Distance farm without management
16
Q

Strategy- high maintain productivity in presence HLB

A

Establishment of groves on large surfaces,high tree density
Appropriate nutritional and irrigation practices
More intense efforts on grove borders for psyllid control
Regional HLB management- smaller farms

17
Q

Research priotiries

A
Inspection improvement
Systemic insecticides
Low volume applications
Entomopathogenic fungi
Pheromones