Postharvest

Question 0

Life cycle

Answer 0

Stage or successive stages
Growth and development of an org
Occur between appearance and reappearance of same stage

Question 1

Important to remember

Answer 1

Pre an post harvest
Not all post harvest are fungal
Sensitiviry resistance- select genes to prevent genes on post harvest
Time
Post harvest chain long

Question 2

Disease cycle

Answer 2

Seq of events
In disease development
Include stages of development of pathogen and effect of disease on host
Chain of events that occur between time of infection and final exp of diseas

Question 3

Disease triangle

Answer 3

Env
Pathogen
Host

Question 4

Host disease triange

Answer 4

Genetic variability:
Cultivar
Age
Physiological fitness
Nutrient status
Plant/crop density
Stress

Nutritional status
Tolerance
Host range

Question 5

Pathogen disease triangle

Answer 5

Virulence
Avirulenc
Agressiveness
Fitness

Question 6

Host specificity- penicillium species

Answer 6

P digitatum
P italicum
P expansum
P crustosum

Question 7

P digitatum

Answer 7

Green mould

Question 8

P italicum

Answer 8

Blue mold

Sister of p digitatum

Question 9

P expansum

Answer 9

Initially host of pears
Cross infection
Depend season
Most destructive diseases
Wounds
Soft,watery,discoloured spots
Room temp-white mycelium
Patulin
Musty odou

Question 10

P crustosum

Answer 10

Grow in humid
Soften tissue
Pathogen oppertunistic to new hosts

Question 11

Penicillium general

Answer 11

Cool,wet-wounds
Wounds-packaging,processing......
Conidia also in soil and air
Conidia-fruit/stem- mycelia colonize
Rot- soft,watery,brown
Lots mycelium- blue colour,dispersed by wind
Chemical- chlorine bath

Question 12

Sclerotina

Answer 12

Cottony rot of citrus
Watery soft rot
Occur in moist atmosphere,mycelium
Latter-mummy

Question 13

Aspergillus

Answer 13

Molding of grains,and legumes

Question 14

Factors with impact on host

Answer 14

Macro env- rainfall,temp,wind
Micro env-rainfall,temp,leaf wetness
Soil env-nutrient status,microbial status,water availability,soil composition
Fruit quality-colour,size,shape,decay after storage
Plant env- exudates,wax,stress index,nutrient status

Question 15

Disease cycle

Answer 15

Infection
Coloisation
Symptom exp
Survival
Inoculum
Dissemination

Question 16

Apply disease cycle

Answer 16

Pre and post harvest page 7

Question 17

Ioculum sources

Answer 17

Field
Hands
Crates
Packhoise
Cross contamination
Air
Nestimg effect

Question 18

Nesting effect

Answer 18

Green and blue moulds
Adjacent fungus infected
Microcracks

Question 19

Oppertunistic pathogen

Answer 19

Org that can but does not necessarily infect
Pathogen cause diseased state
Member of normal flora of host

Question 20

Saprophyte

Answer 20

Grow saprophyte

Dead organic matter

Question 21

Biotroph

Answer 21

Organism dependent for food

Other living org

Question 22

Parasite

Answer 22

Orh live in or on
Another living org
Obtain food from the latter

Question 23

Obligate parasite

Answer 23

Parasite that in nature grow and multiply only on/in living org

Question 24

Facultative parasites

Answer 24

Have ability to be a parasite although they live most of the time on dead organic matter

Question 25

Infectious disease

Answer 25

Diseased caused by a pathogen which can spread from diseased to healthy plant

Question 26

Latent infection

Answer 26

State in which a host is infected with a pathogen but does not show any symptoms

Question 27

Conidiophore

Answer 27

Specialized hypha Simple or branched Conidia formed

Question 28

Conidium

Answer 28

Asexual Nonmotile fungal spore Develop externally/liberated from the cell that formed it

Question 29

Thallus

Answer 29

Entire body

Question 30

Mycelium

Answer 30

Grow apically and develop into mycelium | Acropetal branching

Question 31

Mycelium with spores form

Answer 31

Prosenchyma | Pseudoparenchyma

Question 32

Inoculum

Answer 32

Pathogen/parts that can cause infection | Brought in contact with host

Question 33

Pathogen

Answer 33

Entity that can incite disease

Question 34

Propagule

Answer 34

Part of org that may be disseminated

Question 35

Attachment

Answer 35

Lectins Attachment structures: mucilaginous,polysaccharides,glycoproteins,glycolax Degradative enzymes: melt host cuticle

Question 36

Inoculation

Answer 36

Arrival/transfer of a pathogen onto a host

Question 37

Infection

Answer 37

Establishment of a parasite within a host plant

Question 38

Incubation period

Answer 38

Period between penetration of a host by a pathogen and 1st appearance of symptoms on the host

Question 39

Penetration- general and direct

Answer 39

General: penetration/infection Direct: fine hypha/appresoria Mechanical force and enzy,atic softening

Question 40

Symptom exp

Answer 40

External and internal reactions or alterations of a plant as a result of disease

Question 41

Postharvest diseases

Answer 41

``` Altenaria Botyris Fusarium Geotrichum Penicillium ```

Question 42

Bacterial black spot

Answer 42

Colletotrichum gloesporiodes

Question 43

Body rot

Answer 43

Botryosphaeria

Question 44

Antracnose

Answer 44

Affect branches,leaves,fruit,flowers Dead areas or blotches on leaves American sycamore,white oak group,black walnut