HUF Flashcards
(92 cards)
1
Q
Non-technical skills play a vital role …
A
In nearly every working situation
2
Q
Non-technical skills relate to:
- The ability to receive and possess information
- The ability to focus and make decisions
- Better communication with others
- Unnecessary knowledge which in longterms reduce …
- The ability to avoid responsibility and work
A
- The ability to receive and possess information
- The ability to focus and make decisions
- Better communication with others
3
Q
Effects of fatigue can be reduced by:
- Adjusting staffing levels
- Sleep management
- Supporting a good work/life balance
- Having monotonous tasks
- Inappropriate job or task allocation
A
- Adjusting staffing levels
- Sleep management
- Supporting a good work/life balance
4
Q
Which factors will “usually” maintain or improve your lifestyle healthiness:
- Regular physical and mental activities
- Limit sugar intake, including sugar-based beverages and excessive calories
- Healthy diet
- Maintain extensive caffeine intake
- Smoking cigarettes
A
- Regular physical and mental activities
- Limit sugar intake, including sugar-based beverages and excessive calories
- Healthy diet
5
Q
Regular physical activity can usually lead to:
- Better sleeping
- Reduced risk of depression
- Better thinking, learning and judgement skills
- Shorter lifetime
- Fatigue and the reduction of technical capability
A
- Better sleeping
- Reduced risk of depression
- Better thinking, learning and judgement skills
6
Q
Human errors may be reduced by:
- Appropriate design of the HMI
- Appropriate workspace design
- Workload management
- Location of the ANSP building within the country
A
- Appropriate design of the HMI
- Appropriate workspace design
- Workload management
7
Q
What may be positive job satisfaction factors?
- Achievement and recognition
- Responsibility and advancement
- The work itself and work challenges
- Adequate salary
- Unrealistic expecations
- Criticism
A
- Achievement and recognition
- Responsibility and advancement
- The work itself and work challenges
- Adequate salary
8
Q
Key factors for low job satisfaction are:
- Poor working conditions
- Excessive supervision
- Poor interpersonal relationships
- Poor company policy and administration
- Autonomy at work
- Opportunities to progress technical knowledge and skills
A
- Poor working conditions
- Excessive supervision
- Poor interpersonal relationships
- Poor company policy and administration
9
Q
Key factors for understandable written communication are:
- Being clear and concise
- Use of appropriate terminology
- Punctuation and wording
- Speed of handwriting
- Clear speech
A
- Being clear and concise
- Use of appropriate terminology
- Punctuation and wording
10
Q
What is Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM)?
A
Structured assistance for a normal reaction to an abnormal event
11
Q
Which of the following are steps of CISM interventions?
- Debriefing
- Defusing
- Follow-up
- Decommissioning
- Detox
A
- Debriefing
- Defusing
- Follow-up
12
Q
James Reason’s Swiss Cheese Model includes:
- Latent conditions under which humans work
- Active system failures
- People, procedures, equipment, hazards and barriers
- Traffic growth
A
- Latent conditions under which humans work
- Active system failures
- People, procedures, equipment, hazards and barriers
13
Q
Rule-based mistakes can be devided into:
- Correct application of bad rules
- Wrong application of good rules
- Exceptional and routine violations
- Slips and lapses - errors / Flüchtigkeitsfehler
A
- Correct application of bad rules
- Wrong application of good rules
14
Q
To decrease the number of human errors a service provider could:
- Promote communication
- Motivate personnel to get better work satisfaction
- Provide appropriate trainings
- Increase the workload of personnel
- Increase the number of employees
A
- Promote communication
- Motivate personnel to get better work satisfaction
- Provide appropriate trainings
15
Q
Human factors include:
- Physical, psychological and social factors affecting everyday work
- Soft skills
- Human performance capabilities and limitations
- Human resources
A
- Physical, psychological and social factors affecting everyday work
- Soft skills
- Human performance capabilities and limitations
16
Q
The main goals of dealing with human factors are to:
- Adapt technical equipment to human needs
- Optimize the design of the human-machine interface
- Manage and mitigate the consequences of human error
- Develop individual career goals
A
- Adapt technical equipment to human needs
- Optimize the design of the human-machine interface
- Manage and mitigate the consequences of human error
17
Q
The “usually common” capacity limit of short-term memory is …
A
7 plus/minus 2 items
18
Q
Attention resources are:
- Limited
- Dependent on demand
- Affected by distractions
- Independent of demand
- Unlimited
A
- Limited
- Dependent on demand
- Affected by distractions
19
Q
Which of the following are objectives of Team Resource Management (TRM)?
- Enhance continuity and stability of teamwork
- Prevent teamwork related incidents affecting performance
- Minimise the impact of teamwork related errors
- Reduce consequences of unavoidable errors
- Meditation for interpersonal disputes
- Apportioning blame
A
- Enhance continuity and stability of teamwork
- Prevent teamwork related incidents affecting performance
- Minimise the impact of teamwork related errors
- Reduce consequences of unavoidable errors
20
Q
What are characteristics of effective teams?
- Good communication
- Work towards common goals
- Good leadership
- Poorly defined goals
- High amount of unresolved conflicts
A
- Good communication
- Work towards common goals
- Good leadership
21
Q
What characterises a good team leader?
- Involves team members in important decisions
- Keeps team members informed
- Can deal with difficult conversations
- Delegates tasks
- Intolerance towards individuals
- Poor cooperation
A
- Involves team members in important decisions
- Keeps team members informed
- Can deal with difficult conversations
- Delegates tasks
22
Q
What are the components of verbal human communication?
- Tone
- Language
- Pitch
- Wording
- Body language
A
- Tone
- Language
- Pitch
- Wording
23
Q
The human factors conceptual SHELL model includes:
- Hardware
- Liveware
- Software
- Environment
- Malware
A
- Hardware
- Liveware
- Software
- Environment
24
Q
The behaviour-based (“Rasmussen”) model framework deals with :
- Knowledge-based behaviour
- Rule-based behaviour
- Skill-based behaviour
- Maintenance-based behaviour
A
- Knowledge-based behaviour
- Rule-based behaviour
- Skill-based behaviour
25
The skill-based behaviour is based on …
The repetition of automated routines that take place without conscious attention or control
26
The power of knowledge-based behaviour is:
- The ability to deal with novelty
- Creativity and flexibility
- The ability to deal with unexpected situations
- Active problem solving
- The ability to always find the correct solution
- The ability to deal with novelty
- Creativity and flexibility
- The ability to deal with unexpected situations
- Active problem solving
27
Conflicts within a team may have a negative effect on:
- Decision making
- Cooperation with others
- Situational awareness
- Team effectiveness
- Communication internally and externally
- Only those directly involved in conflict
- Decision making
- Cooperation with others
- Situational awareness
- Team effectiveness
- Communication internally and externally
28
What are the interfaces shown by the SHELL model that have an impact on safety?
- Liveware-Environment
- Liveware-Hardware
- Liveware-Liveware
- Liveware-Software
29
What is the impact of not maintaining professional knowledge and skills?
It may have an impact on efficiency and aviation safety
30
What is the importance of maintaining professional knowledge and skills?
- It ensures that knowledge and skills are current and relevant
- It supports maintaining safety
- It addresses shortcomings of knowledge and skills
- It increases the risk of fatigue
- If ATSEP is experienced, there is no need for maintaining professional knowledge and skills
- It ensures that knowledge and skills are current and relevant
- It supports maintaining safety
- It addresses shortcomings of knowledge and skills
31
What are the effects of stress?
- Behavioural effects
- Cognitive effects
- Physical effects
- Emotional effects
- Behavioural and emotional effects only
- Cognitive and physical effects only
- Behavioural effects
- Cognitive effects
- Physical effects
- Emotional effects
32
What are the differences between errors and violations?
- Violations are deliberate, whereas errors are not
- Violations are conscious decisions, whereas errors occur irrespective of one's intention to avoid them
33
What are the key principles of good written reports?
- Actions and decisons must be recorded
- Records must differentiate between facts, opinion and hypothesis
- Records should be clear and accurate
- Records must be in electronic form
- Information must be in chronological oder
- Actions and decisons must be recorded
- Records must differentiate between facts, opinion and hypothesis
- Records should be clear and accurate
34
Technical communication can be more effective and efficient by:
- Using mutually understood technical jargon
- Understanding the audience
- Using mutually understood acronyms and abbreviation
- Always using acronyms and abbreviations
- Using mutually understood technical jargon
- Understanding the audience
- Using mutually understood acronyms and abbreviation
35
What are the basic needs of people at work?
- Balance between individual ability and workload
- Balance between working time and rest periods
- Positive working environment
- "Just Culture" policy
- Restaurant
- Adequate parking space
- Balance between individual ability and workload
- Balance between working time and rest periods
- Positive working environment
36
Identify the principal components of the "Health Triangle" in relation to fatigue and fitness
- Social
- Mental
- Physical
- Environmental (Flase)
- Social
- Mental
- Physical
37
What are the main effects of alcohol on human performance?
- Reduces inhibitions
- Impairs judgement
- Slows down brain acitivity
- Improves concentration and overall performance
- Improves fitness
- Reduces inhibitions
- Impairs judgement
- Slows down brain acitivity
38
What are the potential risks of regular use of psychoactive substances?
- Physical drug addiction
- Negative influence on nervous system
- Psychological drug addiction
- Extensions of body power
- Improved working performance
- Physical drug addiction
- Negative influence on nervous system
- Psychological drug addiction
39
What legal requirements support the detection of human errors for ANSP?
- Preparation of safety management manual/methodology
- Implementation of occurence reporting system
- Implementation of Aeronautical Data Management Tool
- Preparation of safety management manual/methodology
- Implementation of occurence reporting system
40
What is the origin of the discipline human factors?
Ergonomy and psychology
41
What is meant by the term "System" with regard to human factors?
An assembly of elements connected together in an organised way
42
Does time of day impact human performance?
Yes
43
Which of the following statements is valid in conjunction with the term "Human Performance"?
Human performance is affected by psychological and physiological status of the individual at the moment
44
What does the term "health" mean?
Status of psychological, mental and social well-being
45
What are necessary attributes of a team?
Shared goals, targets and values
46
How can the term "stress" be defined?
A bodies reaction to a change that requires physical, mental or emotional adjustment or response
47
What best describes the SHELL model?
A model describing mutual interactions among environment, technology and human factors
48
What does the term "motivation" mean?
Internal and external factors that stimulate desire and energy in people
49
What are the main goals of automation in ATM?
- Reduce human errors
- Increase effectiveness of the ATM system
- Reduce operators workload
- Increase the number of ATSEP
- Reduce human errors
- Increase effectiveness of the ATM system
- Reduce operators workload
50
Communication is:
- Transfer of information non-verbally between people
- Exchange of data through transmission paths
- Transfer of information verbally between people
- Always between two people
- Activity which we can fully control
- Transfer of information non-verbally between people
- Exchange of data through transmission paths
- Transfer of information verbally between people
51
What characterises the human communication process?
- It used to share opinions and feelings
- It can be non-verbal
- It can be verbal
- It is used to share information
- It is possible not to communicate
- It used to share opinions and feelings
- It can be non-verbal
- It can be verbal
- It is used to share information
52
Non-verbal communication makes …
A major part of communication
53
Active failure related to human error is …
An error which has an immediate and direct impact towards the system
54
What are possible sources of stress?
- Workload
- Lack of job satisfaction
- Emotional problems
- Environment
- Good job security
- Good wellbeing
- Workload
- Lack of job satisfaction
- Emotional problems
- Environment
55
What are typical signs of stress?
- Difficult sleeping
- Frustration
- Increased alcohol consumption
- Irrational behaviour
- Decreased breathing rate, heart rate and blood pressure
- Improved sense of well-being
- Difficult sleeping
- Frustration
- Increased alcohol consumption
- Irrational behaviour
56
What are typical effects of fatigue?
Impaired judgement, decreased effectiveness and flexibility
57
Human errors can be classified as:
- Violation
- Slips
- Mistakes
- Lapses
- At risk behaviour
- System failures
- Violation
- Slips
- Mistakes
- Lapses
58
Which of the following statements are correct?
- Human error can be a cause for accidents
- Human error may be a symptom of deeper problems
- Conditions under which human errors occur can be predictable
- Human error is the end of an occurence investigation
- Experienced people do not commit human errors
- Human error always occurs systematically
- Human error can be a cause for accidents
- Human error may be a symptom of deeper problems
- Conditions under which human errors occur can be predictable
59
What is the main reason why "human factors" are important in ATM?
It is a means of mitigation risks
60
Which is considered as human factors?
Human being as a part of complex systems including human behaviour and performance
61
What is included in the term "system" in relation to human factors?
- People
- Procedures
- Equipment
- Contracts
- Software development
- Collaboration
- People
- Procedures
- Equipment
62
Which of the following factors affect the personal and team performance?
- Working knowledge and skills
- Psychological and medical factors
- Organisational and social factors
- Communication
- Stress and human error
63
Describe human information processing
System & task factors (workload, system capacity, interface design, automation)
1. Event in specific environment
2. Attention
3. Situational awareness (= perception, comprehension, projection)
4. Decision
5. Action
6. Feedback to event in specific environment
Individual factors (skills, experience, training, automaticity, goals, expectations)
64
The Rasmussem Model (advantage/disadvantage?)
- Knowledge-based model
- Rule-based model
- Skill-based model
65
Short-term and long-term effects on human performance
- Noise
- Electromagnetic waves
- Temperature
- Working circumstances
66
Explain the basic needs of people at work
- Meaningfulness of work
- Responsibility for outcomes
- Knowledge of results
67
Principles of teamwork
1. Forming
2. Storming
3. Norming
4. Performing
68
Reasons for conflict and loss of effectiveness
- Group dynamics e.g. groupthink, diffusion of responsibility
- Individual behaviours: individual perception/interpretations of situations, escalating of arguing, unfair treatment
69
Different kinds of stress
- Hypostress (boreout)
- Eustress (best performance; positive effects of pressure)
- Distress/Hyperstress (burnout)
70
Errors and violations
- Error (slip/lapse)
- Mistake (rule-/knowledge-based)
- Violation (routine/exceptional violation)
71
Possible fatigue effects
- Timing errors and responses
- INCREASED reaction time
- Impaired ability to handle heavy weights
- Good mood
- Lack of concentration
- Timing errors and responses
- Impaired ability to handle heavy weights
- Lack of concentration
72
Sign in fatigue in self others
- Slower reaction time
- Impaired memory
- Higher irritability
- Slower reaction time
- Impaired memory
- Higher irritability
73
What are possible actions to prevent or resolve lack of personal fitness?
- Social balance
- Healthy diet
- Sufficient Sleep
- Physical and Mental activities
- Social balance
- Healthy diet
- Sufficient Sleep
- Physical and Mental activities
74
Which of the following are appropriate means to deal with stress?
- Contact support
- Meditation
- Physical exerciess
- Stress recognition
- Ignoring help
- Alcohol
- Contact support
- Meditation
- Physical exerciess
- Stress recognition
75
What are possible strategies for obtaining assistance in stressful situations?
- Accept help
- Ignore the situation
- Ask for help
- Assist each other
- Accept help
- Ask for help
- Assist each other
76
Why is it important to respond to fatigue?
- To prevent errors
- To supress emotions
- To maintain good health
- To prevent errors
- To maintain good health
77
How to respond to indications of fatigue?
- Take regular breaks
- Request professional help
- Take time off
- Continue working as normal
- Ignore the duties
- run away without notification
- Take regular breaks
- Request professional help
- Take time off
78
What is the correct order of the stages of team development?
Forming-Storming-Norming-Performing
79
The role of team leader is:
- To clearly identify and point out the goals of the team
- May changes depending on the situation
- Is not necessary
- Is necessary
- To clearly identify and point out the goals of the team
- May changes depending on the situation
- Is necessary
80
Which statement is true for human conflicts?
- Communication about conflict has to be avoided so nobody is blamed
- The best way to solve the conflict is to ignore it
- Conflict has to be communicated openly to solve them
- Conflict has to be communicated openly to solve them
81
Suitable strategies to cope with human conflicts
Communication, avoidance, drawback, working together
82
When a person experience stress or fear:
- Increase of pulse rate
- Decrease of pulse rate
- Fatigue
- Loss of consciousness
- Increase of pulse rate
83
What are stressors?
- Stimuli that cause physical or psychological stress
- Are causing the release of stress hormons
- Trigger exactly the same reaction in all people
- Can be unusual situations
- Stimuli that cause physical or psychological stress
- Are causing the release of stress hormons
- Can be unusual situations
84
What are usual reasons for conflicts?
- Clear role of the team leader
- Unfair treatment
- Weak definition of responsibilities
- Clear hierarchy
- Escalation of arguments
- Unfair treatment
- Weak definition of responsibilities
- Escalation of arguments
85
Which individual behaviour may causes conflicts?
- Open minded communication
- Fact orientied discussion
- Redirect attention form own diffencies
- Inability to find compromises
- Different interpretation of the situation
- Self-control
- Redirect attention form own diffencies
- Inability to find compromises
- Different interpretation of the situation
86
What are effective communication strategies to prevent human conflicts?
- Speaking in third person
- Ignoring the real issue
- Avoiding accusations
- Avoiding killer phrases
- Active listening
- Avoiding accusations
- Avoiding killer phrases
- Active listening
87
What is the most suitable behaviour to prevent human conflicts?
- Clear communication
- Aggressiveness
- Manipulation
- Running away
- Clear communication
88
Proper coping with stress is:
- The ability to prevent, control, reduce or learn to reduce the threats that lead to stress
- The tendency to focus on a particular issue and not perceive the global situation
- Fight or flee reaction
- The physical reaction to stress caused by dangerous situation
- The ability to prevent, control, reduce or learn to reduce the threats that lead to stress
89
What statement is true in relation to stress management?
- Identify early signs of stress does not help
- Lifestyle does not impact the harmful effects on stress
- Training on how to identify the symptoms of stress can help
- Experience does not help
- Training on how to identify the symptoms of stress can help
90
What are the organisational factors to prevent conflicts?
- Permanent change of the strategy
- Clearly formulated inspections
- Clear responsibilities
- Unclear structures
- Clearly formulated inspections
- Clear responsibilities
91
How can a clear communicaiton between a technical and non-technical person be achieved?
- The technical specialist should communicate by only using technical jargon
- Using appropriate translation of abbreviations etc
- By confrming the understanding
- By using appropriate language
- The detailed level of information should be chosen by the understanding of the other person
- Using appropriate translation of abbreviations etc
- By confrming the understanding
- By using appropriate language
- The detailed level of information should be chosen by the understanding of the other person
92
What are suitable actions for managin conflicts within the team?
- Timely intervention
- Counter-attack
- Avoid talking about it
- Refer the matter outside the team and search help from a mediator
- Timely intervention
- Refer the matter outside the team and search help from a mediator
