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Biology Term 4 > Human Activities > Flashcards

Human Activities Flashcards

1
Q

What stress has the increasing human population caused?

A

More stress on trying to feed everyone on earth

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2
Q

What is putting a stress on feeding everyone on earth?

A

The rapid increase in human population

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3
Q

What has reduced biodiversity in farming?

A

Monocultures - used to grow crops in high volumes and very efficiently

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4
Q

What can natural ecosystems develop to?

A

Complex communities with a high diversity index

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5
Q

What are agricultural ecosystems controlled by?

A

Humans

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6
Q

Why do agricultural ecosystems have a lower amount of alleles in the gene pool?

A

Species are selected with specific qualities

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7
Q

What is the limit for economic benefit between farming capacity?

A

To be economically viable the numbers have to be large but fields can only support a certain amount of biomass

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8
Q

Why can other (not specifically selected) species survive in an agricultural ecosystem?

A

Competition

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9
Q

What chemicals reduce species diversity in an agricultural ecosystem?

A

Pesticides and herbicides

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10
Q

What are 4 ways of directly removing habitats?

A

1) removing hedgerows and grubbing out woodland
2) creating monoculture
3) filling in ponds and draining marsh/wetland
4) overgrazing of land by animals which prevents regeneration of woodland

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11
Q

What 3 things indirectly effect habitats?

A

1) pesticides and inorganic fertilisers
2) escape of effluent from silage stores and slurry tanks into water courses
3) absence of crop rotation and lack of intercropping or under sowing

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12
Q

What 4 ways has food production in the UK doubled?

A

1) use of improved genetic varieties of plant and animals
2) greater use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides
3) more biotechnology usage
4) changes in farm practices - larger farms

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13
Q

What can be used instead of erecting fences as field boundaries?

A

Plant hedges

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14
Q

What is good to be done with ponds to increase biodiversity?

A

Maintain existing ponds and create new ones

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15
Q

What can be done with wet corners of fields to increase biodiversity?

A

Leave them - don’t drain

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16
Q

What can be done to areas with low species diversity to increase it?

A

Plant native trees

17
Q

What can we use instead to reduce the use of pesticides for a higher biodiversity?

A

Use biological control or genetically modified plants that are resistant to pests

18
Q

What type of fertilisers should be used to maintain a high diversity index?

A

Organic

19
Q

What can be used in crop rotation to improve soil fertility?

A

Nitrogen fixing crops

20
Q

What can be used in place of herbicides?

A

Intercropping

21
Q

What can be used instead of grass for silage?

A

Hay in natural meadows

22
Q

What change can be made to cutting verges and fields to increase biodiversity?

A

Leave it until after flowering to conserve seed dispersal

23
Q

What are conservation headlands?

A

Areas at the edges of fields where pesticides are used restrictively so wild flowers and insects can breed

24
Q

What is Ex-situ conservation?

A

Process of protecting an endangered species, variety or breed of plant or animal outside its natural habitat

25
Q

What are in-situ conservation methods?

A

Preserving and protecting organisms and their habitat so maintaining biodiversity

26
Q

What are the 2 in-situ conservation strategies?

A

Wildlife reserves and conservation zones

27
Q

What are 2 positives and 2 negatives of wildlife reserves?

A

POSITIVE - can be used to research species in their natural habitat
- protects animals and plants by providing safe habitats

NEGATIVE - poachers illegally kill within reserves
- reserves aren’t isolated so wildlife may migrate to unsuitable ecosystems

28
Q

What are 2 positives and 2 negatives of conservation zones?

A

POSITIVE - maintains ecosystem balance
- builds resilience to climate change

NEGATIVES - lack of connectivity between protected areas
- human activities (e.g logging, poaching, mining) still occur

29
Q

What are the 3 ex-situ conservation methods?

A
  • Seed banks , zoos and botanical gardens
30
Q

What are 2 positives and 2 negatives of seed banks?

A

POSITIVE - develop drought-tolerant crops
- replenishes crocs lost in natural disasters

NEGATIVE - not all plants can perish
- require lots of time and space for monitoring

31
Q

What are 2 positives and 2 negatives of zoos?

A

POSITIVES - save species from extinction by captive breeding
- research animal behaviour + genetics

NEGATIVES - captive breeding reduces biodiversity
- not all zoos can provide habitats for specific needs

32
Q

what are 2 positives and 2 negatives for botanical gardens?

A

POSITIVE - keeps plants extinct in wilds alive
- assist in reducing CO2 emissions

NEGATIVE - irrigation system that provides water is costly
- plants share same soil and in close proximity so increased spread of disease

Biology Term 4 (9 decks)

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